* <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">IANA</a>.
     *
     * @param lines  the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
     * @param lineEnding  the line separator to use, null is system default
     * @param output  the <code>OutputStream</code> to write to, not null, not closed
     * @param encoding  the encoding to use, null means platform default
     * @throws NullPointerException if the output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void writeLines(Collection lines, String lineEnding,
            OutputStream output, String encoding) throws IOException {
        if (encoding == null) {
            writeLines(lines, lineEnding, output);
        } else {
            if (lines == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (lineEnding == null) {
                lineEnding = LINE_SEPARATOR;
            }
            for (Iterator it = lines.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                Object line = it.next();
                if (line != null) {
                    output.write(line.toString().getBytes(encoding));
                }
                output.write(lineEnding.getBytes(encoding));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Writes the <code>toString()</code> value of each item in a collection to
     * a <code>Writer</code> line by line, using the specified line ending.
     *
     * @param lines  the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
     * @param lineEnding  the line separator to use, null is system default
     * @param writer  the <code>Writer</code> to write to, not null, not closed
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void writeLines(Collection lines, String lineEnding,
            Writer writer) throws IOException {
        if (lines == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (lineEnding == null) {
            lineEnding = LINE_SEPARATOR;
        }
        for (Iterator it = lines.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
            Object line = it.next();
            if (line != null) {
                writer.write(line.toString());
            }
            writer.write(lineEnding);
        }
    }

    // copy from InputStream
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Copy bytes from an <code>InputStream</code> to an
     * <code>OutputStream</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedInputStream</code>.
     * 
     * @param input  the <code>InputStream</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>OutputStream</code> to write to
     * @return the number of bytes copied
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static int copy(InputStream input, OutputStream output)
            throws IOException {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
        int count = 0;
        int n = 0;
        while (-1 != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
            output.write(buffer, 0, n);
            count += n;
        }
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Copy bytes from an <code>InputStream</code> to chars on a
     * <code>Writer</code> using the default character encoding of the platform.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedInputStream</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method uses {@link InputStreamReader}.
     *
     * @param input  the <code>InputStream</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>Writer</code> to write to
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void copy(InputStream input, Writer output)
            throws IOException {
        InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(input);
        copy(in, output);
    }

    /**
     * Copy bytes from an <code>InputStream</code> to chars on a
     * <code>Writer</code> using the specified character encoding.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedInputStream</code>.
     * <p>
     * Character encoding names can be found at
     * <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">IANA</a>.
     * <p>
     * This method uses {@link InputStreamReader}.
     *
     * @param input  the <code>InputStream</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>Writer</code> to write to
     * @param encoding  the encoding to use, null means platform default
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void copy(InputStream input, Writer output, String encoding)
            throws IOException {
        if (encoding == null) {
            copy(input, output);
        } else {
            InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(input, encoding);
            copy(in, output);
        }
    }

    // copy from Reader
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Copy chars from a <code>Reader</code> to a <code>Writer</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedReader</code>.
     *
     * @param input  the <code>Reader</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>Writer</code> to write to
     * @return the number of characters copied
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static int copy(Reader input, Writer output) throws IOException {
        char[] buffer = new char[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
        int count = 0;
        int n = 0;
        while (-1 != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
            output.write(buffer, 0, n);
            count += n;
        }
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Copy chars from a <code>Reader</code> to bytes on an
     * <code>OutputStream</code> using the default character encoding of the
     * platform, and calling flush.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedReader</code>.
     * <p>
     * Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a
     * flush.
     * <p>
     * This method uses {@link OutputStreamWriter}.
     *
     * @param input  the <code>Reader</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>OutputStream</code> to write to
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void copy(Reader input, OutputStream output)
            throws IOException {
        OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(output);
        copy(input, out);
        // XXX Unless anyone is planning on rewriting OutputStreamWriter, we
        // have to flush here.
        out.flush();
    }

    /**
     * Copy chars from a <code>Reader</code> to bytes on an
     * <code>OutputStream</code> using the specified character encoding, and
     * calling flush.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally, so there is no need to use a
     * <code>BufferedReader</code>.
     * <p>
     * Character encoding names can be found at
     * <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets">IANA</a>.
     * <p>
     * Due to the implementation of OutputStreamWriter, this method performs a
     * flush.
     * <p>
     * This method uses {@link OutputStreamWriter}.
     *
     * @param input  the <code>Reader</code> to read from
     * @param output  the <code>OutputStream</code> to write to
     * @param encoding  the encoding to use, null means platform default
     * @throws NullPointerException if the input or output is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static void copy(Reader input, OutputStream output, String encoding)
            throws IOException {
        if (encoding == null) {
            copy(input, output);
        } else {
            OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(output, encoding);
            copy(input, out);
            // XXX Unless anyone is planning on rewriting OutputStreamWriter,
            // we have to flush here.
            out.flush();
        }
    }

    // content equals
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Compare the contents of two Streams to determine if they are equal or
     * not.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally using
     * <code>BufferedInputStream</code> if they are not already buffered.
     *
     * @param input1  the first stream
     * @param input2  the second stream
     * @return true if the content of the streams are equal or they both don't
     * exist, false otherwise
     * @throws NullPointerException if either input is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public static boolean contentEquals(InputStream input1, InputStream input2)
            throws IOException {
        if (!(input1 instanceof BufferedInputStream)) {
            input1 = new BufferedInputStream(input1);
        }
        if (!(input2 instanceof BufferedInputStream)) {
            input2 = new BufferedInputStream(input2);
        }

        int ch = input1.read();
        while (-1 != ch) {
            int ch2 = input2.read();
            if (ch != ch2) {
                return false;
            }
            ch = input1.read();
        }

        int ch2 = input2.read();
        return (ch2 == -1);
    }

    /**
     * Compare the contents of two Readers to determine if they are equal or
     * not.
     * <p>
     * This method buffers the input internally using
     * <code>BufferedReader</code> if they are not already buffered.
     *
     * @param input1  the first reader
     * @param input2  the second reader
     * @return true if the content of the readers are equal or they both don't
     * exist, false otherwise
     * @throws NullPointerException if either input is null
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @since Commons IO 1.1
     */
    public static boolean contentEquals(Reader input1, Reader input2)
            throws IOException {
        if (!(input1 instanceof BufferedReader)) {
            input1 = new BufferedReader(input1);
        }
        if (!(input2 instanceof BufferedReader)) {
            input2 = new BufferedReader(input2);
        }

        int ch = input1.read();
        while (-1 != ch) {
            int ch2 = input2.read();
            if (ch != ch2) {
                return false;
            }
            ch = input1.read();
        }

        int ch2 = input2.read();
        return (ch2 == -1);
    }

}