1. 
CREATE TABLE tb(Name varchar(10),Score decimal(10,2))
INSERT tb SELECT 'aa',99
UNION ALL SELECT 'bb',56
UNION ALL SELECT 'cc',56
UNION ALL SELECT 'dd',77
UNION ALL SELECT 'ee',78
UNION ALL SELECT 'ff',76
UNION ALL SELECT 'gg',78
UNION ALL SELECT 'ff',50
GO
 
--Score重復時合并名次
SELECT *,Place=(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Score) FROM tb WHERE Score>=a.Score)
FROM tb a
ORDER BY Place asc

2.
CREATE TABLE tb(Name varchar(10),Score decimal(10,2))
INSERT tb SELECT 'aa',99
UNION ALL SELECT 'bb',56
UNION ALL SELECT 'cc',56
UNION ALL SELECT 'dd',77
UNION ALL SELECT 'ee',78
UNION ALL SELECT 'ff',76
UNION ALL SELECT 'gg',78
UNION ALL SELECT 'ff',50
GO
 
--名次生成方式,Score重復時保留名次空缺
SELECT *,Place=(SELECT COUNT(Score) FROM tb WHERE Score>a.Score)+1
FROM tb a
ORDER BY Place