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<title>DelphiDabbler.com: Resource File Structure</title>
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<h1>Resource File Structure Notes</h1>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<p>A 32 bit resource file is comprised as follows:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="0" width="106" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid;">File header</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid; border-top: none;">Resource 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid; border-top: none;">Padding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid; border-top: none;">Resource 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid; border-top: none;">Padding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border-left: 1px #999999 dashed; border-right: 1px #999999 dashed;">- - -</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid;">Resource N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border: 1px #999999 solid; border-top: none;">Padding</td>
</tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<h2>File Header</h2>
<p>The File header is a "pseudo-resource" that identifies the file as a 32 bit
resource file (rather than 16 bit). This is a 32 byte structure, the first 8
bytes of which are $00, $00, $00, $00, $20, $00, $00, $00.</p>
<h2>Resource Header</h2>
<p>Each resource is made up of a variable length header record followed the resource
data. The variable length header is made up of the following fields:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>DataSize: DWORD; <span class="pascal-comment">// size of resource data (excl end padding)</span>
HeaderSize: DWORD;<span class="pascal-comment"> // size of resource data header</span>
Type: Unicode or Ordinal;<span class="pascal-comment"> // type of resource</span>
Name: Unicode or Ordinal;<span class="pascal-comment"> // name of resource</span>
[Padding: Word];<span class="pascal-comment"> // optional padding to DWORD boundary</span>
DataVersion: DWORD;<span class="pascal-comment"> // version of the data resource</span>
MemoryFlags: Word;<span class="pascal-comment"> // describes the state of the resource</span>
LanguageId: Word;<span class="pascal-comment"> // language for the resource</span>
Version: DWORD;<span class="pascal-comment"> // user defined resource version</span>
Characteristics: DWORD;<span class="pascal-comment"> // user defined info about resource</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Here is a description of the resource header fields.</p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" class="bodytableframe">
<tr>
<th valign="top">Field</th>
<th valign="top">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>DataSize</em></td>
<td valign="top">The size of the resource data that follows the header in
bytes, excluding any padding that follows that data.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>HeaderSize</em></td>
<td valign="top">The size of the resource header record, including <em>DataSize</em>
and <em>HeaderSize</em> fields.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>Type</em></td>
<td valign="top">Variable length field that specifies the resource type either
as an ordinal value or as a Unicode string. If the first Word of Type is
$FFFF the second word is the ordinal value. Otherwise the value is a zero
terminated Unicode string. Ordinals less than 255 are reserved by Windows.
See below for a list of predefined resource types. </td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>Name</em></td>
<td valign="top">Variable length field that specifies the resource name either
as an ordinal value or as a Unicode string. If the first Word of Name is
$FFFF the second word is the ordinal value. Otherwise the value is a zero
terminated Unicode string. Note that some resources may not have string
names - for example string tables must have ordinal resource ids, all version
information resource I have seen have resource id 1 and the resource id
of an XP manifest is significant to the system.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>[Padding]</em></td>
<td valign="top">Optional padding to ensure the following fields begin on
a DWORD boundary.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>DataVersion</em></td>
<td valign="top">Determines the format of the information within the resource
header that follows. Often zero. Reserved for use by the system.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>MemoryFlags</em></td>
<td valign="top">A bitmask of flags that describe the state of the resource.
See the <code>RES_MF_XXX</code> flags described in the Constants section
for details.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>LanguageID</em></td>
<td valign="top">Specifies the language used for any strings in the resource
or 0 if language neutral. Bits 0-9 of this Word contain the primary language
ID while bits 11-15 contain the sub language ID (dialect or variation).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>Version</em></td>
<td valign="top">Stores custom version information - sometimes used by the
resource compiler. Ignored by the system and stripped out on linking into
the application.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><em>Characteristics</em></td>
<td valign="top">Stores custom information about the resource - sometimes
used by the resource compiler. Ignored by the system and stripped out on
linking into the application.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>Predefined Resource Types</h3>
<p>The following table lists the predefined resource types known at the time of
writing. <code>RT_HTML</code> and <code>RT_MANIFEST</code> are not defined in
Delphi's Windows unit.</p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" class="bodytableframe">
<tr>
<th valign="middle">Resource Name</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Ordinal value</th>
<th valign="middle">Description </th>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_ACCELERATOR</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>9</code></td>
<td valign="top">Accelerator table</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_ANICURSOR</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>21</code></td>
<td valign="top">Animated cursor</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_ANIICON</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>22</code></td>
<td valign="top">Animated icon</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_BITMAP</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>2</code></td>
<td valign="top">Bitmap resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_CURSOR</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>1</code></td>
<td valign="top">Hardware dependent cursor resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_DIALOG</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>5</code></td>
<td valign="top">Dialog box</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_DLGINCLUDE</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>17</code></td>
<td valign="top">Allows a resource editing tool to associate a string with
an .rc file. Typically, the string is the name of the header file that provides
symbolic names. The resource compiler parses the string but otherwise ignores
the value. For example:
<blockquote style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
<pre style="margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 0px;">/* file foo.dlg */
1 DLGINCLUDE "foo.h"</pre>
</blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_FONT</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>8</code></td>
<td valign="top">Font resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_FONTDIR</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>7</code></td>
<td valign="top">Font directory resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_GROUP_CURSOR</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>12</code></td>
<td valign="top">Hardware independent cursor resource - refers to <code>RT_CURSOR</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_GROUP_ICON</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>14</code></td>
<td valign="top">Hardware independent icon resource - refers to <code>RT_ICON</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_HTML</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>23</code></td>
<td valign="top">HTML "Documents": .html, .gif, .css code etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_ICON</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>3</code></td>
<td valign="top">Hardware dependant icon resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_MANIFEST</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>24</code></td>
<td valign="top">Side-by-side assembly XML manifest (Windows XP)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_MENU</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>4</code></td>
<td valign="top">Menu resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_MESSAGETABLE</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>11</code></td>
<td valign="top">Message table entry</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_PLUGPLAY</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>19</code></td>
<td valign="top">Plug and play resource</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_RCDATA</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>10</code></td>
<td valign="top">Application or user defined resource - raw data</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_STRING</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>6</code></td>
<td valign="top">String table entry</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_VERSION</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>16</code></td>
<td valign="top">Version information</td>
</tr>
<tr class="bodytablebody">
<td valign="top"><code>RT_VXD</code></td>
<td align="center" valign="top"><code>20</code></td>
<td valign="top">VXD</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Note that the <code>RT_XXX</code> constants are not assigned the ordinal values
directly but are set using <em>MakeIntResource</em>. So, for example, <code>RT_VERSION
= MakeIntResource(16)</code>.</p>
<h3>Resource Data</h3>
<p>Each new resource starts on a DWORD boundary, so there may be padding bytes
following the end of each resource if the resource data is not a multiple of
4 bytes in length.</p>
<p>The format of the actual resource data depends on the resource type. We do
not go into that detail here since this code only provides high-level access
to resources in a file and deals only with raw data.</p>
<h2>Credits / Bibliography</h2>
<p>Various documents were used in creating this document. Key documents were:</p>
<ul>
<li>"Win32 Binary Resource Formats" by Floyd Rogers - text file edited
and released by Microsoft Developer Support as ResFmt.txt.</li>
<li>"Windows Resource (.RES) Files" by Ray Lischner, <a href="http://www.tempest-sw.com/">Tempest
Software</a> - web page.</li>
<li>"Win32 Resource File Format" by Marco Cocco, <a href="http://www.mdlive.com/d3k/">d3k
- The Artisan Of Ware</a> - web page.</li>
</ul>
<p style="border-top: 1px #CCCCCC solid; font-size: 8pt; padding-top: 4px;">The
original work in this document is copyright © Peter Johnson, 2004. <a href="http://www.delphidabbler.com/">http://www.delphidabbler.com/</a>.
Please contact the author via the web site for permission to republish.</p>
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