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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head> <meta name="generator" content= "HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org"> <title>back</title> <link href="../cppreference.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></head><body><table> <tr> <td> <div class="body-content"> <div class="header-box"> <a href="../index.html">cppreference.com</a> > <a href= "index.html">C++ Vectors</a> > <a href="back.html">back</a> </div> <div class="name-format"> back </div> <div class="syntax-name-format"> Syntax: </div> <pre class="syntax-box"> #include <vector> <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>& back(); const <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>& back() const;</pre> <p>The back() function returns a reference to the last element in the vector.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre class="example-code"> vector<int> v; for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) { v.push_back(i); } cout << "The first element is " << v.front() << " and the last element is " << v.back() << endl; </pre> <p>This code produces the following output:</p> <pre class="example-code"> The first element is 0 and the last element is 4 </pre> <p>The back() function runs in <a href="../complexity.html">constant time</a>.</p> <div class="related-name-format"> Related topics: </div> <div class="related-content"> <a href="front.html">front</a><br> <a href="pop_back.html">pop_back</a> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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