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主題：軟考英語(yǔ)精典短文每日一練(中英對(duì)照)2006年9月14日)</STRONG></TD></TR>
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<TD width=64>作 者</TD>
<TD width=233>shixian</TD>
<TD width=63>閱讀次數(shù)</TD>
<TD width=85>306</TD>
<TD width=63>回復(fù)次數(shù)</TD>
<TD width=85>5</TD></TR>
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<TD width=64>所屬欄目</TD>
<TD width=233>基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用與新手入門>> IT英語(yǔ)</TD>
<TD width=63>發(fā)表日期</TD>
<TD width=85>2006-9-14</TD>
<TD width=63>回復(fù)日期</TD>
<TD
width=85>2006-10-4</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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<DIV class=userInfoBox>積分：2575<BR>第二級(jí)</DIV>
<DIV class=userInfoBox>注冊(cè)時(shí)間<BR>2006-6-12</DIV></DIV></TD>
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<DIV class=TitleInfoBox align=right>發(fā)表時(shí)間：2006-9-14 17:51:02 樓主</DIV>
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<DIV id=cont_right style="WIDTH: 495px">Example Suppose it takes 4. 5
microseconds，also written 4. 5 s，to transfer some information across the
bus from one component to another. （a）How many seconds are required for
the transfer？（b）How many transfers can take place during one minute？[2]
<BR>（a）A time of 4. 5 s is 4. 5 × 10-6 from Table 1-1 or 0. 000 0045
s.（b）Because there <BR>are 60 seconds in one minute，the number of times
the transfer can occur is（60 s）/（0. 000 004 5 s/transfer）or 13 300 000
transfers. Note that since the original value was given with two
significant figures，the result should not be given to more than two or
three significant figures. <BR>Table 1-1 shows that in the metric system
the prefix kilo-is 1 000 and mega-is 1 000 000. But in computer science，a
kilo-is 210 or 1024．The different between 1 000 and 1 024 is less than
3％，so you can think of a computer science kilo-as being about 1 000 even
though it is a little more. The same applies to mega-and giga-，as in Table
1-2． This time，the approximation is a little worse，but for mega-it is
still within 5％． <BR><BR>Table 1-2 Computer science values of the large
prefixes <BR><BR>Prefix Computer science value <BR>giga- 230 = 1 073 741
824 <BR>mega- 220 = 1 048 576 <BR>kilo- 210 = 1 024 <BR><BR><STRONG>NOTES
<BR></STRONG>[1] 總線不僅僅是一組線纜，它還包括一些邏輯電路。此處是一種形象說(shuō)法，有關(guān)總線的概念請(qǐng)見本章1. 6節(jié)。 <BR>[2]
因?yàn)闆](méi)有給出總線寬度，故每次傳送可以理解為每秒鐘或每分鐘所傳送的字節(jié)數(shù)、字?jǐn)?shù)等。 <BR><BR><STRONG>KEYWORDS
<BR></STRONG>computer 計(jì)算機(jī) input device 輸入設(shè)備 <BR>information processing
信息處理 output device 輸出設(shè)備 <BR>hardware 硬件 main memory 主存儲(chǔ)器 <BR>software 軟件
central processing unit（CPU）中央處理器 <BR>program 程序 bus 總線
<BR>general-purpose machine 通用（計(jì)算）機(jī) microcomputer 微型計(jì)算機(jī)
<BR>special-purpose machine 專用（計(jì)算）機(jī) minicomputer 小型計(jì)算機(jī) <BR>instruction 指令
mainframe 主機(jī)，特大型機(jī) <BR>set of instruction 指令集，指令系統(tǒng)
<BR><BR><STRONG>EXERCISES <BR></STRONG>1. Multiple choices. <BR>（1）When we
store a problem into a computer， is necessary. <BR>a. space b. time <BR>c.
input device d. output device <BR>（2）Early computer solved problems.
<BR>a. control b. business applications <BR>c. engineering d. mathematical
<BR>（3）We can use prefix micro to express . <BR>a. time metric b. space
metric <BR>c. both time and space metrics d. 10-6 <BR>（4）We can say a bus
is simply . <BR>a. a group of wires b. a wire <BR>c. a 8-bit bus d. a
16-bit bus <BR>（5）A computer system user generally more cares for . <BR>a.
physical size of the computer <BR>b. storage size <BR>c. speed of
computation <BR>d. efficiency of the computer <BR>（6）According to the
physical size of computers we can classify the computers into <BR>. <BR>a.
microcomputer b. minicomputer <BR>c. mainframe d. supercomputer
<BR>（7）Prefix“mega”used for computer science is . <BR>a. larger than 106
b. smaller than 106 <BR>c. equal to 220 d. 1 048 576 <BR>（8）The basic
hardware components of any computer include . <BR>a. CPU b. main memory
<BR>c. input devices d. output devices <BR>2. Fill in the blank with
appropriate words or phrases found behind this exercise. <BR>（1）A computer
system solves a problem by . <BR>（2）The amount of effective work of a
computer can be indicated by directly. （3）Computer systems consist of .
<BR>（4）Computer that can solve only one kind of problem is a .
<BR>（5）Computer that can solve many different kinds of problems is a .
<BR>（6） instruct the hardware. <BR>（7） is difficult and expensive to
change. <BR>（8）We usually show the computer components in a . <BR>a.
general-purpose machine <BR>b. hardware <BR>c. accepting input，processing
problem，and producing output <BR>d. block diagram <BR>e. software <BR>f.
storage size <BR>g. special-purpose machine <BR>h. hardware and software
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