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      <DIV class=userInfoBox>積分：2768<BR>第二級</DIV>
      <DIV class=userInfoBox>注冊時間<BR>2003-5-12</DIV></DIV></TD>
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      <DIV class=TitleInfoBox align=right>發表時間：2006-9-6 11:42:26　　　樓主</DIV>
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      <DIV id=cont_right style="WIDTH: 495px">Data Communication 
      Systems<BR><BR>　　There are five basic types of data communication 
      system:<BR><BR>　　Off-line data transmission is simply the use of a 
      telephone or similar link to transmit data without involving a computer 
      system.The equipment used at both ends of such a link is not part of a 
      computer, or at least does not immediately make the data available for 
      computer process, that is, the data when sent and/or received are 
      'off-line'. This type of data communication is relatively cheap and 
      simple.<BR><BR>　　Remote batch is the term used for the way in which data 
      communication technology is used geographically to separate the input and 
      /or output of data from the computer on which they are processed in batch 
      mode.<BR><BR>　　On-line data collection is the method of using 
      communications technology to provide input data to a computer as such 
      input arises-the data are then stored in the computer（say on a magnetic 
      disk）and processed either at predetermined intervals or as 
      required.<BR><BR>　　Enquiry-response systems provide, as the term suggests, 
      the facility for a user to extract information from a computer.The enquiry 
      facility is passive, that is, does not modify the information stored.The 
      interrogation may be simple, for example, 'RETRIEVE THE RECORD FOR 
      EMPLOYEE NUMBER 1234' or complex.Such systems may use terminals producing 
      hard copy and /or visual displays.<BR><BR>　　Real-time systems are those in 
      which information is made available to and processed by a computer system 
      in a dynamic manner so that either the computer may cause action to be 
      taken to influence events as they occur（for example as in a process 
      control application）or human operators may be influenced by the accurate 
      and up-to-date information stored in the computer, for example as in 
      reservation systems.<BR><BR>數據通信系統 
      <BR><BR>　　有五種基本的數據通信系統：<BR><BR>　　脫機數據傳輸是簡單地利用電話或類似的鏈路來傳輸數據，不包括計算機系統。這樣一條鏈路兩端所使用的設備不是計算機的部件，或至少不是立刻把數據提供給計算機處理，即數據在發送或接收時是脫機的。這種數據通信相對來說比較便宜和簡單。<BR><BR>　　遠程批處理一詞適用于這樣一種方法：采用數據通信技術來使數據的輸入和輸出在地理上遠離按批處理模式處理處理它們的計算機。<BR><BR>　　聯機數據收集指的是用數據通信技術來向計算機即時提供剛產生的輸入數據這種方法。數據于是存儲在計算機里（比如磁盤上），并按預定時間間隔或者根據需要進行處理。<BR><BR>　　詢問——應答系統，顧名思義，是為用戶提供從計算機提取信息的功能。詢問功能是被動的。也就是說，它不修改所存儲的信息。提問可以很簡單，例如："檢索雇員號碼為1234的記錄"也可以是復雜的。這類系統可能要使用能產生硬拷貝和（或）可視顯示的終端。<BR><BR>　　實時系統是這樣一類系統，其中計算機系統是在動態情況下取得和處理信息，以便可使計算機采取動作來影響正在發生的事件（比如在過程控制應用中）或者可通過存儲在計算機里的準確且不斷更新的信息來影響人（操作員），比如在預售系統中。<BR><BR></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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