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<html><head><title>Index: L (CGI Programming with Perl)</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><!-- START OF BODY --><!-- TOP BANNER --><p><img src="../gifs/smbanns.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border=0 alt="Book Home" ></a></p><map name="banner-map"><area alt="CGI Programming with Perl" href="../index.htm" coords="0,0,466,65" shape="rect" /><area alt="Search this book" href="../jobjects/fsearch.htm" coords="467,0,514,18" shape="rect" /></map></map><!-- TOP INDEX LINKS --><p><font size="-1"><a href="idx_0.htm">Symbols</a>| <a href="idx_a.htm">A</a>| <a href="idx_b.htm">B</a>| <a href="idx_c.htm">C</a>| <a href="idx_d.htm">D</a>| <a href="idx_e.htm">E</a>| <a href="idx_f.htm">F</a>| <a href="idx_g.htm">G</a>| <a href="idx_h.htm">H</a>| <a href="idx_i.htm">I</a>| <a href="idx_j.htm">J</a>| <a href="idx_k.htm">K</a>| <a href="idx_l.htm">L</a>| <a href="idx_m.htm">M</a>| <a href="idx_n.htm">N</a>| <a href="idx_o.htm">O</a>| <a href="idx_p.htm">P</a>| <a href="idx_q.htm">Q</a>| <a href="idx_r.htm">R</a>| <a href="idx_s.htm">S</a>| <a href="idx_t.htm">T</a>| <a href="idx_u.htm">U</a>| <a href="idx_v.htm">V</a>| <a href="idx_w.htm">W</a>| <a href="idx_x.htm">X</a>| <a href="idx_y.htm">Y</a>| <a href="idx_z.htm">Z</a></FONT><!-- INDEX SECTION BODY --><H1>Index: L</H1><DL><a name="last-date-modified"><dt>last date modified</dt><dd><dl> <a name="Last-modified-field"> <dt>Last-modified field: <a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-410">2.4.2.6. Last-Modified</a></dt> <a name="web-page-displaying-with-SSI"> <dt>web page, displaying with SSI: <a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-1235">6.2. Server Side Includes</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="LAST_MODIFIED-variable"><dt>LAST_MODIFIED variable: <a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-1304">6.2.3. Environment Variables</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="in-files-including-other-files"> <dt>in files including other files: <a href="../ch06_02.htm#INDEX-1320">6.2.5. Including Boilerplates</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="length-HTTP-message-content"><dt>length, HTTP message content: <a href="../ch02_03.htm#INDEX-330">2.3.2.2. Content-Length</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-389">2.4.2.2. Content-Length</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="lexical-variables"><dt>lexical variables</dt><dd><dl> <a name="in-Embperl-module"> <dt>in Embperl module: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-1423">6.4.2.2. Variable scope</a></dt> <a name="mod_perl-problems-with"> <dt>mod_perl, problems with: <a href="../ch17_03.htm#INDEX-3246">17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="libpng-using-with-gd"><dt>libpng, using with gd: <a href="../ch13_03.htm#INDEX-2521">13.3.1. Installation</a></dt><a name="libraries-specifying-Perl-with-use-statement"><dt>libraries, specifying Perl with use statement: <a href="../ch10_04.htm#INDEX-2100">10.4.1.1. Connecting to DBI</a></dt><a name="libwww-perl"><dt>libwww-perl (see <a href="idx_l.htm#LWP">LWP</a>)</dt><a name="line-and-point-charts-combination-creating-with-GD-:-:Graph-:-:linespoints-module"><dt>line and point charts combination, creating with GD::Graph::linespoints module: <a href="../ch13_04.htm#INDEX-2563">13.4.2. GD::Graph</a></dt><a name="line-charts"><dt>line charts</dt><dd><dl> <a name="creating-with-GD-:-:Graph-:-:lines-module"> <dt>creating with GD::Graph::lines module: <a href="../ch13_04.htm#INDEX-2559">13.4.2. GD::Graph</a></dt> <a name="three-dimensional-creating-with-GD-:-:Graph-:-:lines3d-module"> <dt>three-dimensional, creating with GD::Graph::lines3d module: <a href="../ch13_04.htm#INDEX-2583">13.4.3. GD::Graph3D</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="line-endings"><dt>line endings: <a href="../ch03_04.htm#INDEX-703">3.4.1. Check the Client Browser</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt>(see also <a href="idx_e.htm#end-of-line-characters;-newlines">end-of-line characters; newlines</a>)</dt> <a name="CGI-scripts-not-matching-current-system"> <dt>CGI scripts, not matching current system: <a href="../ch15_01.htm#INDEX-2886">15.1.3. Line Endings</a></dt> <a name="differences-in-operating-systems"> <dt>differences in operating systems: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-578">3.3.1.1. Outputting documents</a></dt> <a name="newlines-end-of-line-character-binmode-and"> <dt>newlines end of line character, binmode and: <a href="../ch03_04.htm#INDEX-702">3.4.1. Check the Client Browser</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="links"><dt>links</dt><dd><dl> <a name="appending-query-strings-containing-session-identifier-to"> <dt>appending query strings containing session identifier to: <a href="../ch11_02.htm#INDEX-2228">11.2. Hidden Fields</a></dt> <a name="HTML-documents"> <dt>HTML documents</dt><dd><dl> <a name="replacing"> <dt>replacing: <a href="../ch11_01.htm#INDEX-2186">11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information</a></dt> <a name="updating-another-document-with"> <dt>updating another document with: <a href="../ch05_03.htm#INDEX-1096">5.3.1.4. Specifying an alternative target</a></dt> </dl></dd> <a name="symbolic-links-security-risks-with"> <dt>symbolic links, security risks with: <a href="../ch01_04.htm#INDEX-149">1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="list-context-scalar-context-vs."><dt>list context, scalar context vs.: <a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-399">2.4.2.4. Date</a></dt><a name="lists"><dt>lists</dt><dd><dl> <a name="choices-for-users"> <dt>choices for users: <a href="../ch04_02.htm#INDEX-862">4.2.4. The <SELECT> Tag</a></dt> <a name="elements"> <dt>elements: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-1438">6.4.3.2. List elements</a></dt> <a name="empty-lists-use-of"> <dt>empty lists, use of: <a href="../ch15_02.htm#INDEX-2918">15.2.1. Use strict</a></dt> <a name="printing-multiple-items-in"> <dt>printing multiple items in: <a href="../ch05_03.htm#INDEX-1142">5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements</a></dt> <a name="user-input-allowed"> <dt>user input, allowed: <a href="../ch08_02.htm#INDEX-1664">8.2.3. Security Strategies</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="loads.cgi-script-plotting-average-system-loads"><dt>loads.cgi script, plotting average system loads: <a href="../ch13_03.htm#INDEX-2575">13.3.2. Using GD</a></dt><a name="local-function"><dt>local function: <a href="../ch05_03.htm#INDEX-1145">5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch17_01.htm#INDEX-3160">17.1.3. Localize Variables with my</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="local-processes-as-clients"><dt>local processes as clients: <a href="../ch14_01.htm#INDEX-2681">14.1. Communicating with Other Servers</a></dt><a name="local-variables"><dt>local variables</dt><dd><dl> <a name="bracket-pair-enclosing-in-Embperl"> <dt>bracket pair enclosing in Embperl: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-1417">6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks</a></dt> <a name="declarations-strict-mode-and"> <dt>declarations, strict mode and: <a href="../ch15_02.htm#INDEX-2922">15.2.1. Use strict</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="localizing-variables"><dt>localizing variables: <a href="../ch17_01.htm#INDEX-3158">17.1.3. Localize Variables with my</a></dt><a name="locating-perl-Unix-system"><dt>locating perl, Unix system: <a href="../ch15_01.htm#INDEX-2877">15.1.2. The Pound-Bang</a></dt><a name="Location-header"><dt>Location header: <a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-413">2.4.2.7. Location</a></dt><dd><dl> <a name="300-level-status-responses-and"> <dt>300-level status responses and: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-614">3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes</a></dt> <a name="redirect-method-using-instead-of"> <dt>redirect method, using instead of: <a href="../ch05_03.htm#INDEX-1103">5.3.1.5. Redirection</a></dt> <a name="redirecting-requests"> <dt>redirecting requests: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-586">3.3.1.2. Forwarding to another URL</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="locking-files"><dt>locking files: <a href="../ch06_04.htm#INDEX-1459">6.4.5.1. Embperl handler</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch10_01.htm#INDEX-1929">10.1.1. Locking</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch15_02.htm#INDEX-2960">15.2.5. File Locking</a></dt> <a name="flock-command-using"> <dt>flock command, using: <a href="../ch10_01.htm#INDEX-1933">10.1.1.1. flock</a></dt> <a name="hash-files"> <dt>hash files: <a href="../ch10_02.htm#INDEX-2037">10.2.1. DB_File</a></dt> <a name="manual-lock-files"> <dt>manual lock files: <a href="../ch10_01.htm#INDEX-1953">10.1.1.2. Manual lock files</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="logins"><dt>logins</dt><dd><dl> <a name="401-status-code-responses-asking-for"> <dt>401 status code responses, asking for: <a href="../ch03_03.htm#INDEX-630">3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes</a></dt> <a name="resources-restricting-with"> <dt>resources, restricting with: <a href="../ch02_04.htm#INDEX-427">2.4.2.10. WWW-Authenticate</a></dt> <a name="restricted-areas-websites-accessing-with"> <dt>restricted areas (websites), accessing with: <a href="../ch02_03.htm#INDEX-333">2.3.2.4. Authorization</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="loops"><dt>loops</dt><dd><dl> <a name="creating-with-HTML-:-:Template"> <dt>creating with HTML::Template: <a href="../ch06_03.htm#INDEX-1364">6.3.1.1. Loops</a></dt> <a name="parameters-as-conditions"> <dt>parameters as conditions: <a href="../ch06_03.htm#INDEX-1373">6.3.1.2. Conditionals</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="lossless-data-compression"><dt>lossless data compression: <a href="../ch13_01.htm#INDEX-2456">13.1.1. GIF</a></dt><a name="lossy-compression-algorithm-use-in-JPEG-format"><dt>lossy compression algorithm, use in JPEG format: <a href="../ch13_01.htm#INDEX-2474">13.1.3. JPEG</a></dt><a name="lowercase-index-creating"><dt>lowercase index, creating: <a href="../ch12_03.htm#INDEX-2384">12.3. Inverted Index Search</a></dt><a name="LWP-module"><dt>LWP module: <a href="../ch08_02.htm#INDEX-1693">8.2.5. Trusting the Browser</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch14_01.htm#INDEX-2701">14.1.3. LWP</a></dt> <dt><a href="../ch14_05.htm#INDEX-2791">14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware</a></dt></dl></dd><a name="LWP-:-:Simple-module"><dt>LWP::Simple module: <a href="../ch14_01.htm#INDEX-2706">14.1.3. LWP</a></dt><dd><dl> <dt><a href="../ch14_05.htm#INDEX-2793">14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware</a></dt> <a name="get-subroutine"> <dt>get subroutine: <a href="../ch14_05.htm#INDEX-2832">14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware</a></dt> </dl></dd><a name="LZW-compression-algorithm"><dt>LZW compression algorithm: <a href="../ch13_01.htm#INDEX-2455">13.1.1. 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