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<HTML> <HEAD> <!--SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" SRC="http://a1835.g.akamai.net/f/1835/276/3h/www.netlibrary.com/include/js/dictionary_library.js"></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"> if (!opener){document.onkeyup=parent.turnBookPage;} </SCRIPT!--> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="-1"><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><SCRIPT>var PrevPage="Page_27";var NextPage="Page_29";var CurPage="Page_28";var PageOrder="40";</SCRIPT> <TITLE>Document</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=100% CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH=100%> <TR> <TD ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF='Page_27.html'>Previous</A></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF='Page_29.html'>Next</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=LEFT><P><A NAME='JUMPDEST_Page_28'/><A NAME='{126}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2 COLOR=#FF0000>Page 28</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{127}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3><IMG SRC='0028-01.JPG' BORDER=0 ALT='0028-01.jpg' WIDTH=362 HEIGHT=215></FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{128}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>Figure 1-19 <BR>Prevalent links between book types and age groups. </FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{129}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>The actual counts can be examined between products sold and customer features. Note that the benefits of data mining grow in importance as the size and complexity of the data increase. In this example, we are dealing with a very small sample size. An analysis of several hundred thousand transactions is quite common for large retailing websites.</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{12A}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3><B><I>Split the Data</I></B></FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{12B}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>A different type of visual analysis, and yet another way of splitting the data, is that of <I>clustering.</I></FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{12C}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>Groups of clusters can be examined for additional information, as was the case with this analysis of region2 in the right side of Figure 1-20. Clustering offers the opportunity to find grouping in the data through a process known as <I>self-organization</I>—driven by the nature of data, rather than the intuition or hypothesis of the analyst. This sector can further be <I>"drilled"</I> by a data mining tool in order to discover some of its unique attributes. Rules can be extracted describing the features of the clusters in region2:</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{12D}'/><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD HEIGHT=12></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH=583 CELLPADDING=5><TR><TD WIDTH=187 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>IF</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=150 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>Age</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=246 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>40?? 快捷鍵說明
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