?? the mathworks - 1-18gtu why do i get an error in matlab 6_0 (r12) where i got a warning in r11 with reference to uninitialized variables.mht
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<P></P><!--subject_begin-->
<H3>Subject:</H3>
<P>Why do I get an error in MATLAB 6.0 (R12) where I got a warning =
in R11=20
with reference to uninitialized variables? =
</P><!--subject_end--><!--problem description begin-->
<H3>Problem Description:</H3>
<P><!--prob_desc_begin-->Why do I get an error in MATLAB 6.0 (R12) =
where I=20
got a warning in R11 with reference to uninitialized=20
variables?<BR><BR><CODE>a =3D [a,3];<BR></CODE><BR>In MATLAB 5.3 =
(R11) I=20
received the following warning:<BR><BR><SAMP =
class=3Derror>Warning:=20
Reference to uninitialized variable a.<BR></SAMP><BR>In MATLAB 6.0 =
(R12) I=20
get:<BR><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>??? Undefined function or variable =
'a'.<BR></SAMP></P><!--problem description end-->
<P><!--solution_begin-->
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<H3>Solution:</H3>
<P>There are actually three cases to be considered with =
reference to=20
uninitialized variables in MATLAB.<BR><BR>The first case is =
the one=20
listed above where is a variable is used on the right hand =
side=20
before being initialized.<BR><BR><CODE>function before1<BR>a =
=3D=20
[a,3];<BR></CODE><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 5.3 (R11)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before1<BR>Warning: Reference=20
to uninitialized variable a in before1 at line 2.<BR>> In =
d:\temp\before1.m at line 2<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB =
6.x (R12.x)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before1<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before1.m<BR>On line 2 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 6.5 (R13)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before1<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before1.m<BR>On line 2 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR>The=20
second case is where a variable is used on the right hand =
side after=20
it first appeared on the left hand side of an assignment =
which was=20
not executed. For example:<BR><BR><CODE>function =
before2<BR>if=20
0<BR>a =3D 1;<BR>end<BR>a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></CODE><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 5.3 (R11)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before2<BR>Warning: Reference=20
to uninitialized variable a in before2 at line 5.<BR>> In =
d:\temp\before2.m at line 5<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB =
6.x (R12.x)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before2<BR>Warning: Reference=20
to uninitialized variable a in before2 at line 5.<BR>> In =
d:\temp\before2.m at line 5<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB =
6.5 (R13)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before2<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before2.m<BR>On line 5 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR>The=20
third case is called undefined. It occurs when a variable =
first=20
appears on the right-hand side of an assignment which was =
not yet=20
executed. For example,<BR><BR><CODE>function before3<BR>if =
0<BR>z =3D=20
a;<BR>end<BR>a =3D [a,3];<BR></CODE><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 5.3 =
(R11)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before3<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before3.m<BR>On line 5 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 6.x (R12.x)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before3<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before3.m<BR>On line 5 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR><PRE><BR>MATLAB 6.5 (R13)<BR>
</PRE><BR><SAMP class=3Derror>>> before3<BR>??? Undefined=20
function or variable 'a'.<BR><BR>Error in =3D=3D>=20
d:\temp\before3.m<BR>On line 5 =3D=3D> a =3D =
[a,3];<BR></SAMP><BR>The=20
finalized behavior for this issue is that using an =
uninitialized=20
variable is always an error.<BR><BR>There are various ways =
to deal=20
with this new behavior. One alternative is to set the =
variable in=20
question to empty at the beginning of the M-file. Since=20
uninitialized variables were implicitly treated as empty =
matrices,=20
this will preserve the semantics of the program. However, a =
better=20
second-order fix would be to determine why the variable is =
being=20
used before being assigned and correct the =
discrepancy.<BR><BR>An=20
example: <BR><BR><CODE>function out =3D before(in) <BR>% x =
and out are=20
undefined if in >=3D 0 <BR>if (in < 0)<BR>x =3D -in; =
<BR>out =3D x;=20
<BR>end <BR>y =3D ones(x); <BR></CODE><BR>Another fix would=20
be:<BR><BR><CODE>function out =3D before(in)<BR>if (in < =
0)<BR>x =3D=20
-in;<BR>out =3D x;<BR>else<BR>x =3D in;<BR>if nargout >=20
0<BR>error('Too many outputs requested for positive value of =
IN');<BR>end<BR>end<BR>y =3D ones(x);<BR></CODE>
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