.\" Manual page for pgrep / pkill..\" Licensed under version 2 of the GNU General Public License..\" Copyright 2000 Kjetil Torgrim Homme.\".TH PGREP 1 "June 25, 2000" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual".SH NAMEpgrep, pkill \- look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes.SH SYNOPSISpgrep [\-flvx] [\-d \fIdelimiter\fP] [\-n|\-o] [\-P \fIppid\fP,...] [\-g \fIpgrp\fP,...].br	[\-s \fIsid\fP,...] [\-u \fIeuid\fP,...] [\-U \fIuid\fP,...] [\-G \fIgid\fP,...].br	[\-t \fIterm\fP,...] [\fIpattern\fP]pkill [\-\fIsignal\fP] [\-fvx] [\-n|\-o] [\-P \fIppid\fP,...] [\-g \fIpgrp\fP,...].br	[\-s \fIsid\fP,...] [\-u \fIeuid\fP,...] [\-U \fIuid\fP,...] [\-G \fIgid\fP,...].br	[\-t \fIterm\fP,...] [\fIpattern\fP].SH DESCRIPTION\fBpgrep\fP looks through the currently running processes and lists theprocess IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout.  Allthe criteria have to match.  For example,pgrep -u root sshdwill only list the processes called \fBsshd\fP AND owned by \fBroot\fP.On the other hand,pgrep -u root,daemonwill list the processes owned by \fBroot\fP OR \fBdaemon\fP.\fBpkill\fP will send the specified signal (by default \fBSIGTERM\fP)to each process instead of listing them on stdout..SH OPTIONS.TP\-d \fIdelimiter\fPSets the string used to delimit each process ID in the output (bydefault a newline).  (\fBpgrep\fP only.).TP\-fThe \fIpattern\fP is normally only matched against the process name.When \-f is set, the full command line is used..TP\-g \fIpgrp\fP,...Only match processes in the process group IDs listed.  Process group 0is translated into \fBpgrep\fP's or \fBpkill\fP's own process group..TP\-G \fIgid\fP,...Only match processes whose real group ID is listed.  Either thenumerical or symbolical value may be used..TP\-lList the process name as well as the process ID. (\fBpgrep\fP only.).TP\-nSelect only the newest (most recently started) of the matchingprocesses..TP\-oSelect only the oldest (least recently started) of the matchingprocesses..TP\-P \fIppid\fP,...Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed..TP\-s \fIsid\fP,...Only match processes whose process session ID is listed.  Session ID 0is translated into \fBpgrep\fP's or \fBpkill\fP's own session ID..TP\-t \fIterm\fP,...Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed.  Theterminal name should be specified without the "/dev/" prefix..TP\-u \fIeuid\fP,...Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed.  Either thenumerical or symbolical value may be used..TP\-U \fIuid\fP,...Only match processes whose real user ID is listed.  Either thenumerical or symbolical value may be used..TP\-vNegates the matching..TP\-xOnly match processes whose name (or command line if \-f is specified)\fBexactly\fP match the \fIpattern\fP..TP\-\fIsignal\fPDefines the signal to send to each matched process.  Either thenumeric or the symbolic signal name can be used.  (\fBpkill\fP only.).SH OPERANDS.TP\fIpattern\fPSpecifies an Extended Regular Expression for matching against theprocess names or command lines..SH EXAMPLESExample 1: Find the process ID of the \fBnamed\fP daemon:unix$ pgrep \-u root namedExample 2: Make \fBsyslog\fP reread its configuration file:unix$ pkill \-HUP syslogdExample 3: Give detailed information on all \fBxterm\fP processes:unix$ ps \-fp $(pgrep \-d, \-x xterm)Example 4: Make all \fBnetscape\fP processes run nicer:unix$ renice +4 `pgrep netscape`.SH "EXIT STATUS".TP.I "0"One or more processes matched the criteria..TP.I "1"No processes matched..TP.I "2"Syntax error in the command line..TP.I "3"Fatal error: out of memory etc..SH NOTESThe process name used for matching is limited to the 15 characterspresent in the output of /proc/\fIpid\fP/stat.  Use the \-f option tomatch against the complete command line, /proc/\fIpid\fP/cmdline.The running \fBpgrep\fP or \fBpkill\fP process will never reportitself as a match..SH BUGSThe options \-n and \-o and \-v can not be combined.  Let me know ifyou need to do this.Defunct processes are reported..SH "SEE ALSO"ps(1) regex(7) signal(7) killall(1) skill(1) kill(1) kill(2).SH STANDARDS\fBpkill\fP and \fBpgrep\fP were introduced in Sun's Solaris 7.  Thisimplementation is fully compatible..SH AUTHORKjetil Torgrim Homme <kjetilho@ifi.uio.no>Albert Cahalan <albert@users.sf.net> is the current maintainer ofthe procps package.Please send bug reports to <procps-feedback@lists.sf.net>