.\" release 4.nr LL 5.5i.ad b.hy 1.TH PROJ 1 "2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4" .SH NAMEcs2cs \- cartographic coordinate system filter.SH SYNOPSIS.B cs2cs[.B \-eEfIlrstvwW[.I args] ] [.B +opts[=arg]].br      [ \fB+to\fR [\fB+opts\fR[\fB=arg\fR]] ]file[s].SH DESCRIPTION.I Cs2csperforms transformation between the source and destination cartographiccoordinate system on a set of input points.  The coordinate systemtransformation can include translation between projected and geographic coordinates as well as the application of datum shifts..PPThe following control parameters can appear in any order:.TP.BI \-Imethod to specify inverse translation, convert from \fB+to\fR coordinatesystem to the primary coordinate system defined..TP.BI \-t "a".I Aspecifies a character employed as the first character to denotea control line to be passed through without processing.This option applicable to ascii input only.(# is the default value)..TP.BI \-e " string".I Stringis an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected duringdata transformations.The default value is: *\et*.Note that if the.B \-b,.B \-ior.B \-ooptions are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VALvalue for both return values..TP.BI \-Ecauses the input coordinates to be copied to the output lineprior to printing the converted values..TP.BI \-l "[p|P|=|e|u|d]" idList projection identifiers with.B \-l,.B \-lpor.B \-lP (expanded)that can be selected with.B +proj..BI \-l= idgives expanded description of projection.I id.List ellipsoid identifiers with.B \-le,that can be selected with.B +ellps,.B \-lulist of cartesian to meter conversion factorsthat can be selected with.B +unitsor.B \-ldlist of datums that can be selected with .B +datum..TP.BI \-rThis options reverses the order of theexpected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x..TP.BI \-sThis options reverses the order of theoutput from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude..TP.BI \-m " mult"The cartesian data may be scaled by the.I multparameter.When processing data in a forward projection mode thecartesian output values are multiplied by.I multotherwise the input cartesian values are divided by.I multbefore inverse projection.If the first two characters of.I multare 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal value of.I multis employed..TP.BI \-f " format".I Formatis a.I printfformat string to control the form of the output values.For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this optionis employed.If a format is specified for inverse projection theoutput data will be in decimal degrees.The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMSfor inverse..TP.BI \-[w|W] n.I Nis the number of significant fractional digits to employ forseconds output (when the option is not specified,.B \-w3is assumed).When.B \-Wis employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes..TP.B \-vcauses a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for andused by the program to be printed prior to input data.Should not be used with the.B \-Toption..PPThe.B +argsrun-line arguments are associated with cartographic parametersand usage varies with projection and for a complete description see.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual" )and supplementary documentation for Release 4..PPThe \fIcs2cs\fR program requires two coordinate system definitions.  Thefirst (or primary is defined based on all projection parameters notappearing after the \fB+to\fR argument.  All projection parameters appearing after the \fB+to\fR argument are considered the definitionof the second coordinate system.  If there is no second coordinate systemdefined, a geographic coordinate system based on the datum and ellipsoid ofthe source coordinate system is assumed.  Note that the source and destinationcoordinate system can both be projections, both be geographic, or one ofeach and may have the same or different datums.  .PPAdditional projection control parameters may be contained in twoauxilliary control files:the first is optionally referenced with the.BI +init= file:idand the second is always processed after the nameof the projection has been established from either the run-lineor the contents of.B +initfile.The environment parameter.B PROJ_LIBestablishes the default directory for a file reference withoutan absolute path.  This is also used for supporting files likedatum shift files..PPOne or more.I files(processed in left to right order)specify the source of data to be transformed.A \- will specify the location of processing standard input.If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from.I stdin.For input data the two data values must be in thefirst two white space separated fields andwhen both input and output are ASCII all trailing portionsof the input line are appended to the output line..PPInput geographic data(longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and inputcartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoidmajor axis or sphere radius units.Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS(if the.B \-wswitch is not employed) and precise to 0.001"with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted..SH EXAMPLEThe following script.RS 5 \f(CWcs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83        +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 -r <<EOF 45d15'33.1"	111.5W 45d15.551666667N	-111d30 +45.25919444444	111d30'000w EOF\fR.REwill transform the input NAD83 geographic coordinates into NAD27 coordinatesin the UTM projection with zone 10 selected.The geographic values of this example are equivalent and meantas examples of various forms of DMS input.The x\-y output data will appear as three lines of:.RS 5 \f(CW1402285.99      5076292.42 0.000.RE.SH SEE ALSO.B proj(1U),.br.I "Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment\(emA User's Manual,"(Evenden, 1990, Open-file report 90\-284)..br.I "Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological Survey"(Snyder, 1984,USGS Bulletin 1532)..br.I "Map Projections\(emA Working Manual"(Synder, 1988, USGS Prof. Paper 1395)..br.I "An Album of Map Projections"(Snyder & Voxland, 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453)..SH HOME PAGEhttp://www.remotesensing.org/proj