tmn                                ===		      Version 3.0, May 27, 1997	(C) Department of Electrical Engineering    	    University of British Columbia CANADA.	    Michael Gallant <mikeg@ee.ubc.ca>, Guy Cote <guyc@ee.ubc.ca>,             Berna Erol <bernae@ee.ubc.ca>, Faouzi Kossentini <faouzi@ee.ubc.ca>	    (Based on Telenor's tmn version 2.0)          				   tmn is a very low bitrate video encoder producing H.263 bitstreams.Compatibility=============This H.263+ encoder is believed to be compatible with the descriptionof the H.263+ standard, draft 20. All the H.263 negotiable codingmodes are supported: the Unrestricted Motion Vector mode, the Syntax-based Arithmetic Coding mode, theAdvanced Prediction mode and the PB-frames mode. At this moment, the following H.263+ negotiable coding modes aresupported: Advanced Intra Coding mode, Deblocking Filter mode,Improved PB-frames mode, Reference Picture Selection mode, Scalabilitymode, Alternative Inter VLC mode, and Modified Quantization mode.  See the CHANGES file for changes since the last version. See the TODO file for items not included in this version. TMN was the Test Model Near-term for the ITU-LBC group working towardsa standard for video telephony on normal analogue telephone lines.This standard is now called H.263+ and the current TMN is TMN-10. Installation============This software should work on most 32 bit systems. It has been testedwith OSF/1, SunOS-4.1.3, Linux, Win32 (Visual C++ 2.x/Windows NT/95).To build the encoder with Visual C++ 2.x, start a new project of type"console application", add all c-files to the project, and choose"build".You can change the default filenames in config.h to suit yoursite. Check the Makefile for a couple of defines you can use to changethe coding behavior. These can also be defined in sim.h.Usage=====tmn [options] -i <filename> [more options] tmn is controlled by options on the command line. The only requiredparameter is '-i <filename>'. Typing just 'tmn -i <filename>' willencode one image of the sequence 'filename' with every parameter setat the default value. Change the defaults with the options below.        Options:        -i <filename> original sequence [required parameter]        -o <filename> reconstructed frames [./out.raw]        -B <filename> filename for bitstream [./stream.263]        -a <n> image to start at [0]        -b <n> image to stop at [0]        -x <n> (<pels> <lines>) coding format [2]               n=1: SQCIF n=2: QCIF n=3: CIF n=4: 4CIF n=5: 16CIF  n=6:  Custom (12:11 PAR)                   128x96   176x144  352x288   704x576  1408x1152  pels x lines        -s <n> (0..15) integer pel search window [15]        -q <n> (1..31) quantization parameter QP [13]        -A <n> (1..31) QP for first frame [13]        -r <n> target bitrate in bits/s, default is variable bitrate        -C <n> Rate control method [3]        -k <n> frames to skip between each encoded frame [2]        -Z <n> reference frame rate (25 or 30 fps) [30.0]        -l <n> frames skipped in original compared to reference frame rate [0]        -e <n> original sequence has n bytes header [0]        -g <n> insert sync after each n GOB (slice) [0]               zero above means no extra syncs inserted        -w write difference image to file "./diff.raw" [OFF]        -m write repeated reconstructed frames to disk [OFF]        -t write trace to tracefile trace.enc [OFF]        -f <n> force an Intra frame every <n> frames [0]        -j <n> force an Intra MB refresh rate every <n> macroblocks [0]        -D <n> use unrestricted motion vector mode (annex D) [OFF]               n=1: H.263 n=2: H.263+ n=3: H.263+ (unlimited)        -E use syntax-based arithmetic coding (annex E) [OFF]        -F use advanced prediction mode (annex F) [OFF]        -G use PB-frames (annex G) [OFF]           -U <n> (0..3) BQUANT parameter [2]        -I use advanced intra coding mode (annex I) [OFF]        -J use deblocking filter (annex J) [OFF]        -M use improved PB-frames (annex M) [OFF]        -N <m> <n> use reference picture selection mode (annex N) [OFF]            VRC with <m> threads and <n> pictures per thread [m = 2, n = 3]         -c <n> frames to select number of true B pictures between P               pictures (annex O) [0]        -d <n> to set QP for true B pictures (annex O) [13]        -i <filename> enhancement layer sequence        -u <n> to select SNR or spatial scalability mode (annex O) [OFF]               n=1: SNR n=3: SPATIAL(horiz) n=5: SPATIAL(vert)               n=7: SPATIAL(both)        -v <n> to set QP for enhancement layer (annex O) [13]        -O <filename> input sequence for spatial scalability,                      factor in 2 in both dimensions (annex O)        -S use alternative inter vlc mode (annex S) [OFF]        -T use modified quantization mode (annex T) [OFF]        -h Prints help         Default filenames and other options in square brackets         are chosen in config.hIf you have questions, please read the H.263+ and TMN-8 documents available from the WWW page listed below, as well as the source code itself. If you still have questions, please feel free to contact any of thepersons listed in the source code headers.File format===========The input (original) sequence format is as follows.QCIF = 176x144 luma resolution with 4:1:1 chroma subsampling.           176     +-------------+     |             |     |     Y       | 144     |             |     |             |     +-------------+     |  U   |     |  88  |72     +------+     |  V   |     |  88  |72     +------+Each component is raster-scanned from the top left corner down to thebottom right corner. The Y, U and V components are then concatenatedtogether for each frame. In the qcif format, all frames in the sequence are concatenated in one big file. You can also read yuv format, where each frame has its own file. (See io.c)The output file format is the same as the qcif input format. All thestandard test sequences are available in this format from monet.ee.ubc.cain /pub/tmn/qcif_source/.Contact guyc@ee.ubc.ca if you have trouble using this software orfind any bugs. For the latest information on new versions and H.263docs, check our WWW page at http://www.ee.ubc.ca/image/h263plus/.CREDITS=======Anurag Bist at Rockwell International did most of the TMN5 ratecontrol in version 1.1.Patrick Mulroy and Wayne Ellis at BT Labs did most of the SAC workincluded in version 1.4.The bitstream routines and VLC functions in version 1.7 were writtenby Robert Danielsen at Telenor R&D. They are based on ideas from theMPEG-2 Software Simulation Group work. Karl Olav Lillevold of Telenor's R&D was the former maintainer of the codeand wrote most of the code as well as the documentation and this README file.H.263+ coder and options were implemented by Michael Gallant, Guy Cote, and Berna Erol of the University of British Columbia (UBC):