特殊的范圍“*”和任何標(biāo)簽匹配。

使用語(yǔ)言范圍的某個(gè)協(xié)議會(huì)為 * 的語(yǔ)法制定一個(gè)附加規(guī)則，例如，HTTP/1.1 指定，* 只
與那些不與其他的包含在"Accept-Language:"頭（header）聲明的語(yǔ)言匹配。

注意：這種前綴匹配的規(guī)則的使用并不意味著語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽也以這樣的方式（即如果一個(gè)用
戶理解了一種特定的標(biāo)簽語(yǔ)言，那么，他將理解所有的以這種標(biāo)簽為前綴的語(yǔ)言）被分配到
具體的語(yǔ)言，既不總是那么容易觸類旁通的。一般來(lái)講，前綴規(guī)則允許用戶用這種前綴標(biāo)簽，
在適當(dāng)條件下。

3． 語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽的IANA 注冊(cè)過(guò)程

任何人想要使用標(biāo)簽，包括在本文檔2。2章沒(méi)給出解釋的，和已經(jīng)注冊(cè)IANA的，都必
須要用到這里給出的過(guò)程。

這個(gè)過(guò)程也可以用來(lái)注冊(cè)IANA信息（關(guān)于前面定義的標(biāo)簽），例如，如果有一個(gè)用戶想
要定義一個(gè)可被公眾接受的關(guān)于像sgn-US(American Sign Language)這樣的語(yǔ)言的參考書(shū)
時(shí)，就可用到它。

有第一個(gè)subtag即是"x"的標(biāo)簽不需要也不能注冊(cè)。

注冊(cè)的過(guò)程從填寫(xiě)下面的注冊(cè)表單開(kāi)始：




LANGUAGE TAG REGISTRATION FORM

   Name of requester          :                  
 //姓名

   E-mail address of requester:                 
  //電子郵件url

   Tag to be registered       :                 
   //要注冊(cè)的標(biāo)簽

   English name of language   :             
      //語(yǔ)言的英文名

   Native name of language (transcribed into ASCII):
//本國(guó)語(yǔ)言名

   Reference to published description of the language (book or article):
//參考資料

   Any other relevant information:               
    //其他相關(guān)信息





在提交給IANA之前，這份表格必須要被發(fā)送到 ietf-languages@iana.org 接受為期兩
個(gè)星期的評(píng)論（這是一份公開(kāi)列表，附加的請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)寄到 
ietf-languages-request@iana.org 。

當(dāng)兩星期過(guò)去以后，這個(gè)標(biāo)簽的審查人（由IETF Applictions Area Director 指派的）
或者將您的請(qǐng)求提交給 IANA@IANA.ORG ,或者因?yàn)楸砩洗嬖诘闹卮螽愖h而拒絕它。注意，
評(píng)論人可以自行提議反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，如果他想這樣做。重要的事是所提出的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)必須要公
開(kāi)可見(jiàn)。

申請(qǐng)人有修改被拒絕的申請(qǐng)，并在次提交的自由；只需再次執(zhí)行為期2個(gè)星期的評(píng)論期。

評(píng)論人的評(píng)定可以在同樣規(guī)則下，像其他IETF評(píng)定[RFC 2026]一樣，被呼吁到IESG[RFC 
2028].所有的注冊(cè)表單都可以在線填寫(xiě)，http://www.iana.org/numbers.html ，在
languages 頁(yè)中。

注冊(cè)的更新過(guò)程與注冊(cè)過(guò)程相同，語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽評(píng)論人決定是否允許一個(gè)新的注冊(cè)人更新由
其他人注冊(cè)的信息；正常情況下，原來(lái)的注冊(cè)者的反對(duì)將在這個(gè)決定中有額外的重量。

不存在注冊(cè)的刪除；當(dāng)一些注冊(cè)的標(biāo)簽不再被使用時(shí)，例如，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)相應(yīng)的ISO 639
代碼已經(jīng)被注冊(cè)，注冊(cè)將被修改（加上一個(gè)標(biāo)記，例如DEPRECATED: use <new code> 
instead，到other relevant information 的部分）。

注意：“出版描述（PUBLISHED DESCRIPTION）"的目的是幫助人們證實(shí)是否一種語(yǔ)言已
經(jīng)被注冊(cè)了，或者幫人們知道一個(gè)特別的標(biāo)簽指的是什么。大多數(shù)情況下，一個(gè)某種語(yǔ)言
權(quán)威的語(yǔ)法或詞典將是很有用的；再?zèng)]有這些（語(yǔ)法資料或詞典）時(shí)，其他的熟知的描述
這種語(yǔ)言的方式也是可用的。語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽評(píng)論人決定什么將構(gòu)成一份足夠好的參考資料。

4．安全因素
    
關(guān)于語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽安全問(wèn)題的唯一的一份論文（自RFC 1766 發(fā)布以來(lái)），聲明了“安全問(wèn)
題必將與此備忘錄無(wú)關(guān)“，也講到了關(guān)于語(yǔ)言范圍的令人滿意的協(xié)商結(jié)論——忽略發(fā)送者的
國(guó)籍，也因此為監(jiān)視確定了潛在的目標(biāo)。

一個(gè)問(wèn)題的特殊情形是，你所發(fā)送的任何信息對(duì)接受方來(lái)說(shuō)都是可見(jiàn)的；有所意識(shí)（這
樣的情形會(huì)發(fā)生）是有好處的。

對(duì)額外威脅和可能的反措施的估計(jì)，將是每個(gè)應(yīng)用協(xié)議的責(zé)任了。
5． 符號(hào)集合問(wèn)題

語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽可以總是以A-Z,a-z,0-9,和連詞符號(hào)（HYPHEN-MINUS）表示，所以在語(yǔ)言標(biāo)
簽的表示上不會(huì)有字符集合的問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)論。

決定語(yǔ)言標(biāo)簽所使用的字符集的問(wèn)題在這個(gè)備忘錄中沒(méi)有提到；然而，作出一個(gè)適于所
有情況的正確的決定被認(rèn)為將是不可能的，除非在文中更換語(yǔ)言時(shí)有相應(yīng)的定義。（當(dāng)決定
一個(gè)引擎的字體是中文或是日文時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生次最佳輸出，就會(huì)遇到中日文混合的文本）。

6. 鳴謝

     This document has benefited from many rounds of review and comments
   in various fora of the IETF and the Internet working groups.

   Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the
   following as only a selection from the group of people who have
   contributed to make this document what it is today.

   In alphabetical order:

   Glenn Adams, Tim Berners-Lee, Marc Blanchet, Nathaniel Borenstein,
   Eric Brunner, Sean M. Burke, John Clews, Jim Conklin, Peter
   Constable, John Cowan, Mark Crispin, Dave Crocker, Mark Davis, Martin
   Duerst, Michael Everson, Ned Freed, Tim Goodwin, Dirk-Willem van
   Gulik, Marion Gunn, Paul Hoffman, Olle Jarnefors, Kent Karlsson, John
   Klensin, Alain LaBonte, Chris Newman, Keith Moore, Masataka Ohta,
   Keld Jorn Simonsen, Otto Stolz, Rhys Weatherley, Misha Wolf, Francois
   Yergeau and many, many others.

   Special thanks must go to Michael Everson, who has served as language
   tag reviewer for almost the complete period since the publication of
   RFC 1766, and has provided a great deal of input to this revision.

7．作者地址

     Harald Tveit Alvestrand
   Cisco Systems
   Weidemanns vei 27
   7043 Trondheim
   NORWAY

   Phone: +47 73 50 33 52
   EMail: Harald@Alvestrand.no

8．參考文獻(xiàn)

     [ISO 639]   ISO 639:1988 (E/F) - Code for the representation of names
               of languages - The International Organization for
               Standardization, 1st edition, 1988-04-01 Prepared by
               ISO/TC 37 - Terminology (principles and coordination).
               Note that a new version (ISO 639-1:2000) is in
               preparation at the time of this writing.

   [ISO 639-2] ISO 639-2:1998 - Codes for the representation of names of
               languages -- Part 2: Alpha-3 code  - edition 1, 1998-11-
               01, 66 pages, prepared by a Joint Working Group of ISO
               TC46/SC4 and ISO TC37/SC2.

   [ISO 3166]  ISO 3166:1988 (E/F) - Codes for the representation of
               names of countries - The International Organization for
               Standardization, 3rd edition, 1988-08-15.

   [RFC 1327]  Kille, S., "Mapping between X.400 (1988) / ISO 10021 and
               RFC 822", RFC 1327, May 1992.

   [RFC 1521]  Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME Part One: Mechanisms
               for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet
               Message Bodies", RFC 1521, September 1993.

   [RFC 2026]  Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
               3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.

   [RFC 2028]  Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in
               the IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October
               1996.

   [RFC 2119]  Bradner, S."Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC 2234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
               Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

   [RFC 2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
               Masinter, L., Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
               Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC 2860]  Carpenter, B., Baker, F. and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
               Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the
               Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June
2000.

附錄A:
               Language Tag Reference Material

   The Library of Congress, maintainers of ISO 639-2, has made the list
   of languages registered available on the Internet.

   At the time of this writing, it can be found at
   http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html

   The IANA registration forms for registered language codes can be
   found at http://www.iana.org/numbers.html under "languages".

   The ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency has published Web pages at

   http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/

附錄B:
                Changes from RFC 1766

   - Email list address changed from ietf-types@uninett.no to ietf-
     languages@iana.org

   - Updated author's address

   - Added language-range construct from HTTP/1.1

   - Added use of ISO 639-2 language codes

   - Added reference to Library of Congress lists of language codes

   - Changed examples to use registered tags

   - Added "Any other information" to registration form

   - Added description of procedure for updating registrations

   - Changed target category for document from standards track to BCP

   - Moved the content-language header definition into another document

-	Added numbers to the permitted characters in language tags

版權(quán)聲明

     Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

感謝
Internet 協(xié)會(huì)為此RFC編輯功能提供支持。


RFC3066——Tags for the Identification of Languages                    語(yǔ)言鑒定標(biāo)簽


1
RFC文檔中文翻譯計(jì)劃