/******************************************************************/
/* 基于基本遺傳算法的函數(shù)最優(yōu)化 SGA.C */
/* A Function Optimizer using Simple Genetic Algorithm */
/* developed from the Pascal SGA code presented by David E.Goldberg */
//******************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "graph.c"
/* 全局變量 */
struct individual /* 個體*/
{
unsigned *chrom; /* 染色體 */
double fitness; /* 個體適應(yīng)度*/
double varible; /* 個體對應(yīng)的變量值*/ 
int xsite; /* 交叉位置 */
int parent[2]; /* 父個體 */
int *utility; /* 特定數(shù)據(jù)指針變量 */
};
struct bestever /* 最佳個體*/
{
unsigned *chrom; /* 最佳個體染色體*/
double fitness; /* 最佳個體適應(yīng)度 */
double varible; /* 最佳個體對應(yīng)的變量值 */
int generation; /* 最佳個體生成代 */
};
struct individual *oldpop; /* 當(dāng)前代種群 */
struct individual *newpop; /* 新一代種群 */
struct bestever bestfit; /* 最佳個體 */
double sumfitness; /* 種群中個體適應(yīng)度累計 */
double max; /* 種群中個體最大適應(yīng)度 */
double avg; /* 種群中個體平均適應(yīng)度 */
double min; /* 種群中個體最小適應(yīng)度 */
float pcross; /* 交叉概率 */
float pmutation; /* 變異概率 */
int popsize; /* 種群大小 */
int lchrom; /* 染色體長度*/
int chromsize; /* 存儲一染色體所需字節(jié)數(shù) */
int gen; /* 當(dāng)前世代數(shù) */
int maxgen; /* 最大世代數(shù) */
int run; /* 當(dāng)前運行次數(shù) */
int maxruns; /* 總運行次數(shù) */
int printstrings; /* 輸出染色體編碼的判斷，0 -- 不輸出, 1 -- 輸出 */
int nmutation; /* 當(dāng)前代變異發(fā)生次數(shù) */
int ncross; /* 當(dāng)前代交叉發(fā)生次數(shù) */

/* 隨機數(shù)發(fā)生器使用的靜態(tài)變量 */
static double oldrand[55];
static int jrand;
static double rndx2;
static int rndcalcflag;
/* 輸出文件指針 */
FILE *outfp ;
/* 函數(shù)定義 */
void advance_random();
int flip(float);rnd(int, int);
void randomize();
double randomnormaldeviate();
float randomperc(),rndreal(float,float);
void warmup_random(float);
void initialize(),initdata(),initpop();
void initreport(),generation(),initmalloc();
void freeall(),nomemory(char *),report();
void writepop(),writechrom(unsigned *);
void preselect();
void statistics(struct individual *);
void title(),repchar (FILE *,char *,int);
void skip(FILE *,int);
int select();
void objfunc(struct individual *);
int crossover (unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *, unsigned *);
void mutation(unsigned *);

void initialize() /* 遺傳算法初始化 */
{
/* 鍵盤輸入遺傳算法參數(shù) */
initdata();
/* 確定染色體的字節(jié)長度 */
chromsize = (lchrom/(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
if(lchrom%(8*sizeof(unsigned))) chromsize++;
/*分配給全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)空間 */
initmalloc();
/* 初始化隨機數(shù)發(fā)生器 */
randomize();
/* 初始化全局計數(shù)變量和一些數(shù)值*/
nmutation = 0;
ncross = 0;
bestfit.fitness = 0.0;
bestfit.generation = 0;
/* 初始化種群，并統(tǒng)計計算結(jié)果 */
initpop();
statistics(oldpop);
initreport();
}

void initdata() /* 遺傳算法參數(shù)輸入 */
{
char answer[2];
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("種群大小(20-100)：",100,150,20);
gscanf(320,150,9,15,4,"%d", &popsize);
if((popsize%2) != 0)
{
  fprintf(outfp, "種群大小已設(shè)置為偶數(shù)\n");
  popsize++;
};
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("染色體長度(8-40)：",100,180,20);
gscanf(320,180,9,15,4,"%d", &lchrom);
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("是否輸出染色體編碼(y/n)：",100,210,20);
printstrings=1;
gscanf(320,210,9,15,4,"%s", answer);
if(strncmp(answer,"n",1) == 0) printstrings = 0;
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("最大世代數(shù)(100-300)：",100,240,20);
gscanf(320,240,9,15,4,"%d", &maxgen);
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("交叉率(0.2-0.9)：",100,270,20);
gscanf(320,270,9,15,5,"%f", &pcross);
setcolor(9);
disp_hz16("變異率(0.01-0.1)：",100,300,20);
gscanf(320,300,9,15,5,"%f", &pmutation);
}

void initpop() /* 隨機初始化種群 */
{
int j, j1, k, stop;
unsigned mask = 1;
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
{
for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
{
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = 0;
if(k == (chromsize-1))
stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
else
stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j1 = 1; j1 <= stop; j1++)
{
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]<<1;
if(flip(0.5))
oldpop[j].chrom[k] = oldpop[j].chrom[k]|mask;
}
}
oldpop[j].parent[0] = 0; /* 初始父個體信息 */
oldpop[j].parent[1] = 0;
oldpop[j].xsite = 0;
objfunc(&(oldpop[j])); /* 計算初始適應(yīng)度*/
}
}

void initreport() /* 初始參數(shù)輸出 */
{
void skip();
skip(outfp,1);
fprintf(outfp," 基本遺傳算法參數(shù)\n");
fprintf(outfp," -------------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf(outfp," 種群大小(popsize) = %d\n",popsize);
fprintf(outfp," 染色體長度(lchrom) = %d\n",lchrom);
fprintf(outfp," 最大進(jìn)化代數(shù)(maxgen) = %d\n",maxgen);
fprintf(outfp," 交叉概率(pcross) = %f\n", pcross);
fprintf(outfp," 變異概率(pmutation) = %f\n", pmutation);
fprintf(outfp," -------------------------------------------------\n");
skip(outfp,1);
fflush(outfp);
}

void generation()
{
int mate1, mate2, jcross, j = 0;
/* 每代運算前進(jìn)行預(yù)選 */
preselect();
/* 選擇, 交叉, 變異 */
do
{
/* 挑選交叉配對 */
mate1 = select();
mate2 = select();
/* 交叉和變異 */
jcross = crossover(oldpop[mate1].chrom, oldpop[mate2].chrom, newpop[j].chrom, newpop[j+1].chrom);
mutation(newpop[j].chrom);
mutation(newpop[j+1].chrom);
/* 解碼, 計算適應(yīng)度 */
objfunc(&(newpop[j]));
/*記錄親子關(guān)系和交叉位置 */
newpop[j].parent[0] = mate1+1;
newpop[j].xsite = jcross;
newpop[j].parent[1] = mate2+1;
objfunc(&(newpop[j+1]));
newpop[j+1].parent[0] = mate1+1;
newpop[j+1].xsite = jcross;
newpop[j+1].parent[1] = mate2+1;
j = j + 2;
}
while(j < (popsize-1));

}

void initmalloc() /*為全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)變量分配空間 */
{
unsigned nbytes;
char *malloc();
int j;
/* 分配給當(dāng)前代和新一代種群內(nèi)存空間 */
nbytes = popsize*sizeof(struct individual);
if((oldpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("oldpop");
if((newpop = (struct individual *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("newpop");
/* 分配給染色體內(nèi)存空間 */
nbytes = chromsize*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j = 0; j < popsize; j++)
{
if((oldpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
  nomemory("oldpop chromosomes");
if((newpop[j].chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
  nomemory("newpop chromosomes");
}
if((bestfit.chrom = (unsigned *) malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
nomemory("bestfit chromosome");

}

void freeall() /* 釋放內(nèi)存空間 */
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < popsize; i++)
{
free(oldpop[i].chrom);
free(newpop[i].chrom);
}
free(oldpop);
free(newpop);
free(bestfit.chrom);
}

void nomemory(string) /* 內(nèi)存不足，退出*/
char *string;
{
fprintf(outfp,"malloc: out of memory making %s!!\n",string);
exit(-1);
}

void report() /* 輸出種群統(tǒng)計結(jié)果 */
{
void repchar(), skip();
void writepop(), writestats();
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1); 
if(printstrings == 1)
{
repchar(outfp," ",((80-17)/2));
fprintf(outfp,"模擬計算統(tǒng)計報告 \n");
fprintf(outfp, "世代數(shù) %3d", gen);
repchar(outfp," ",(80-28));
fprintf(outfp, "世代數(shù) %3d\n", (gen+1));
fprintf(outfp,"個體 染色體編碼");
repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
fprintf(outfp,"適應(yīng)度 父個體 交叉位置 ");
fprintf(outfp,"染色體編碼 ");
repchar(outfp," ",lchrom-5);
fprintf(outfp,"適應(yīng)度\n");
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1);
writepop(outfp);
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1);
}
fprintf(outfp,"第 %d 代統(tǒng)計: \n",gen);
fprintf(outfp,"總交叉操作次數(shù) = %d, 總變異操作數(shù) = %d\n",ncross,nmutation);
fprintf(outfp," 最小適應(yīng)度：%f 最大適應(yīng)度：%f 平均適應(yīng)度 %f\n", min,max,avg);
fprintf(outfp," 迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)最佳個體 => 所在代數(shù)： %d ", bestfit.generation);
fprintf(outfp," 適應(yīng)度：%f 染色體：", bestfit.fitness);
writechrom((&bestfit)->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," 對應(yīng)的變量值: %f", bestfit.varible);
skip(outfp,1);
repchar(outfp,"-",80);
skip(outfp,1); 
}

void writepop()
{
struct individual *pind;
int j;
for(j=0; j<popsize; j++)
{
fprintf(outfp,"%3d) ",j+1);
/* 當(dāng)前代個體 */
pind = &(oldpop[j]);
writechrom(pind->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," %8f | ", pind->fitness);
/* 新一代個體 */
pind = &(newpop[j]);
fprintf(outfp,"(%2d,%2d) %2d ",
pind->parent[0], pind->parent[1], pind->xsite);
writechrom(pind->chrom);
fprintf(outfp," %8f\n", pind->fitness);
}
}

void writechrom(chrom) /* 輸出染色體編碼 */
unsigned *chrom;
{
int j, k, stop;
unsigned mask = 1, tmp;
for(k = 0; k < chromsize; k++)
{
tmp = chrom[k];
if(k == (chromsize-1))
stop = lchrom - (k*(8*sizeof(unsigned)));
else
stop =8*sizeof(unsigned);
for(j = 0; j < stop; j++)
{
if(tmp&mask)
fprintf(outfp,"1");
else
fprintf(outfp,"0");
tmp = tmp>>1;
}
}
}

void preselect()