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eg. rexec hq.iraq "ls -l"
rexec hq.iraq saddam "ls -l"
rexec hq.iraq saddam white_flag_of_victory "ls"
REXEC does not do terminal interpretation, you may wish
to have NANSI.SYS loaded to provide the necessary
emulation. WATTCP REXEC is good when you wish to
redirect output to a file.
Other WATTCP Programs Other WATTCP Programs
The above programs are relatively simple demonstrations of
the capabilities of the WATTCP TCP/IP kernal. Advanced
programs are usually distributed separately as they tend to
be updated in a different schedule from the kernal
libraries.
MSKERMIT 3.11 MSKERMIT 3.11
One of the first popular uses for WATTCP was its
ability to make communication programs such as MSKERMIT
act like TELNET facilities. So overwhelming was the
number of requests that MSKERMIT 3.11 now includes a
derivative of the WATTCP kernal and the TCPPORT
application.
TELNETD TELNETD
The next most popular use is easily TELNETD, a program
which allows you to TELNET into your pc and control it
using any TELNET program on any computer platform.
TELNETD can be found via anonymous ftp to
dark.uwaterloo.ca in pub/wattcp/telnetd.zip.
Using Communications Programs with TCPPORT Using Communications Programs with TCPPORT
You may wish to use a terminal communication program rather
than TELNET. WATTCP makes this very easy to do with
its TCPPORT program. Now that TCPPORT is built into
MSKermit I don't really have a good example, but here goes:
Start by creating a configuration file which tells your com
program to use the BIOS ports rather than hardware. Then
create a batch file which looks like:
TNCOMM.BAT
echo off
tcpport %1 23 "c:\comm"
Here I was assuming you kept comm.exe in the root of C: and
tcpport could be found somewhere in the path. Now you can
easily TELNET to any host by typing:
TNCOMM host
eg. TNCOMM 129.97.128.1
or TNCOMM watmath.uwaterloo.ca
After you log off, WATTCP returns the characters
forming [??Host closed connection??] or some similar
message. You simply need to exit your com program. Exiting
kermit without logging off will simply close the connection
and typically log you off.
You may select a specific terminal emulation which TCPPORT
should try to run by setting the tcpterm environment
variable before running tcpterm:
eg. set tcpterm=vt102
Advanced WATTCP.CFG Options Advanced WATTCP.CFG Options
This section is useful once you have determined that
WATTCP actually works for you.
Including Sub-Config Files
You may wish to use a combination of generic WATTCP.CFG
file and a smaller sub-config file which will be
located on the user's private subdirectory. Any
command which can be placed in the main config file may
also be placed (or replaced) in the sub-command file.
eg.
include = c:\local.cfg
After the subcommand file is parsed, Wattcp returns to
the main config file. The depth of this system is
limited by the number of file handles and the stack
size.
If the subcommand file cannot be found, an error
message will be printed. To allow for the possible,
but not-essential existance of a file (i.e., include it
if it is there, but don't complain otherwise) you may
simply prepend the filename with a question mark.
eg.
include = ?c:\local.cfg
IP Addresses
Most network administrators would prefer to not have
many copies of the configuration file, but rather a
single file from which everyone can be easily
configured.
As demonstrated above, WATTCP normally accepts
the ip number from within the WATTCP.CFG file.
BOOTP
Many sites prefer to use BOOTP, a standard protocol
which requests the user's ip address and other
information from a BOOTP server.
To use BOOTP, you must specify the name 'bootp':
my_ip = bootp
in the config file. This will broadcast the request on
the local subnet. You may specify a specific BOOTP
server which need not be on the same subnet, by using:
bootp = host
eg. bootp = 129.97.128.1
The default timeout value is 30 seconds. You may
change that by using:
bootpto = seconds
eg. bootpto = 50
If no WATTCP.CFG file is found, WATTCP programs
always resort to BOOTP.
ETHERNET to IP Table
Another option currently exists, I allow multiple IP
numbers in WATTCP.CFG with each one being tied to a
particular Ethernet address. If your Ethernet address
is found in list, your IP address will be assigned.
ETHIP=ethaddr,ipaddr
eg. ETHIP=00:01:2F:BC:44:33,128.252.35.4
In this case, the machine with Ethernet address
00:01:2F:BC:44:33 would be assigned the ip address
128.252.35.4. Note that Ethernet addresses are
hexadecimal with intermediate colons, ip addresses are
dotted decimal, and I use a comma to separate the two.
Also, since WATTCP removes white space, you may
place a space between any of the fields if you don't
use quotes, and you may end the line with a comment
describing where the station lives or to whom it
belongs.
You can quickly find the Ethernet address of a station
by running the TCPINFO command.
Subnets
The Internet is comprised of many, many subnets. There
are several protocols normally used to help computers
reach computers on other subnets.
Most PC based TCP kernals depend on routing tables to
manage the possible routes, so I elected to use that
strategy.
A routing table exists in memory with a current
capacity for 12 different routes. Each route must
specify a gateway, an optional destination subnet, and
then an optional subnet mask.
gateway = gate_ip [, subnet [, subnet_mask ]]
eg. gateway = 129.97.176.1 # default
eg. gateway = 129.97.176.2, 129.97.0.0, 255.255,0,0
The first example shows how a default gateway is
created. A default gateway is used if no other choices
exist.
The second example shows how to specify a gateway for a
particular subnet. In this example, whenever the 'top'
16 bits are 129.97, that gateway will be used.
Yes, you need not always specify the mask, but it is
necessary for class B subnets, so I simply suggest that
you always do specify the mask.
You may specify the same gateway several times with
different routes.
Non-contiguous subnet bits are supported.
To check your configuration and to see the precedence
of gateways, run TCPINFO.EXE.
Host Name
Some applications will wish to know your PC's name, a
short textual name. This may be set with the
WATTCP.CFG line:
hostname = name
eg. hostname = mole
Notice that you do not specify the domain, that is
found from the domain string.
Timeouts
Most WATTCP programs have a specified timeout
value between activity before a timeout error occurs.
For example, the maximum response time to an open
request before the connection is given up should be
reasonably long so that distant connections will be
usable, but short enough that the user will not believe
the computer has hung.
Applications may specify their own timeout value, but
if they chose to use the system default (all my
applications do), the default value may be set from the
WATTCP.CFG file.
SOCKDELAY=seconds
eg. SOCKDELAY=40
The default value is 30 seconds. A smaller value is
unwise, but larger values may be necessary for
particularly bad connections.
Maximum Segment Size
If you understand MSS and know what you would like, you
can change it:
MSS=bytes
eg. MSS=512
Cookie Server
You may specify a cookie server in the WATTCP.CFG file
with the line:
cookie = server
eg. cookie = 129.97.128.1
eg. cookie = sunee.uwaterloo.ca
Up to 10 separate cookie servers may be added. TCPINFO
will list them all. BOOTP will also add cookie
servers.
BOOTP Features and Limitations
BOOTP is not the greatest method of configuration. In
fact there is currently a committee looking at
implementing its successor.
WATTCP programs will automatically get many
configuration parameters from the BOOTP server if those
values are returned:
IP address
subnetmask
gateway (only one will be added)
nameservers (all supplied will be added)
cookieservers (all supplied will be added)
hostname
The domain name cannot be specified currently. Of the
gateways, only one is recorded by WATTCP as they
do not indicate subnets or anything else useful.
Notes: Notes:
The most up-to-date versions of these files, their sources,
and new programs are available on dark.uwaterloo.ca by
anonymous FTP. Check out pub/wattcp.
All executables there are copyrighted but are freely
available for use and non-commercial distribution.
The library files which do the actual tcp communications are
also there. They too are copyrighted, but may be used in
commercial and non-commercial work. You are free to do as
you choose. If you intend to program with this package, I
would highly recommend the developers manual described
below.
The programmers manual includes examples, a full reference
of the approximately 50 functions, notes on conversions from
UNIX. The cost is $50 ($US if you live in USA, $Cdn if you
live in Canada. $50 US for anywhere else.
see: http://www.supro.com
Erick Engelke
Erick@development.watstar.uwaterloo.ca
Waterloo TCP Architect
July 8, 1992
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