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<html><head><title>NASM Manual</title></head><body><h1 align=center>The Netwide Assembler: NASM</h1><p>This manual documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assemblertargetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.<p><p><a href="nasmdoc1.html">Chapter 1: Introduction</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.1">Section 1.1: What Is NASM?</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.1.1">Section 1.1.1: Why Yet Another Assembler?</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.1.2">Section 1.1.2: Licence Conditions</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.2">Section 1.2: Contact Information</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.3">Section 1.3: Installation</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.3.1">Section 1.3.1: Installing NASM under MS-DOS or Windows</a><br><a href="nasmdoc1.html#section-1.3.2">Section 1.3.2: Installing NASM under Unix</a><br><p><a href="nasmdoc2.html">Chapter 2: Running NASM</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1">Section 2.1: NASM Command-Line Syntax</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.1">Section 2.1.1: The <code><nobr>-o</nobr></code> Option: Specifying the Output File Name</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.2">Section 2.1.2: The <code><nobr>-f</nobr></code> Option: Specifying the Output File Format</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.3">Section 2.1.3: The <code><nobr>-l</nobr></code> Option: Generating a Listing File</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.4">Section 2.1.4: The <code><nobr>-M</nobr></code> Option: Generate Makefile Dependencies.</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.5">Section 2.1.5: The <code><nobr>-F</nobr></code> Option: Selecting a Debug Information Format</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.6">Section 2.1.6: The <code><nobr>-g</nobr></code> Option: Enabling Debug Information.</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.7">Section 2.1.7: The <code><nobr>-X</nobr></code> Option: Selecting an Error Reporting Format</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.8">Section 2.1.8: The <code><nobr>-E</nobr></code> Option: Send Errors to a File</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.9">Section 2.1.9: The <code><nobr>-s</nobr></code> Option: Send Errors to <code><nobr>stdout</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.10">Section 2.1.10: The <code><nobr>-i</nobr></code> Option: Include File Search Directories</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.11">Section 2.1.11: The <code><nobr>-p</nobr></code> Option: Pre-Include a File</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.12">Section 2.1.12: The <code><nobr>-d</nobr></code> Option: Pre-Define a Macro</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.13">Section 2.1.13: The <code><nobr>-u</nobr></code> Option: Undefine a Macro</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.14">Section 2.1.14: The <code><nobr>-e</nobr></code> Option: Preprocess Only</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.15">Section 2.1.15: The <code><nobr>-a</nobr></code> Option: Don't Preprocess At All</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.16">Section 2.1.16: The <code><nobr>-On</nobr></code> Option: Specifying Multipass Optimization.</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.17">Section 2.1.17: The <code><nobr>-t</nobr></code> option: Enable TASM Compatibility Mode</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.18">Section 2.1.18: The <code><nobr>-w</nobr></code> Option: Enable or Disable Assembly Warnings</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.19">Section 2.1.19: The <code><nobr>-v</nobr></code> Option: Display Version Info</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.20">Section 2.1.20: The <code><nobr>-y</nobr></code> Option: Display Available Debug Info Formats</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.21">Section 2.1.21: The <code><nobr>--prefix</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>--postfix</nobr></code> Options.</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.1.22">Section 2.1.22: The <code><nobr>NASMENV</nobr></code> Environment Variable</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2">Section 2.2: Quick Start for MASM Users</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.1">Section 2.2.1: NASM Is Case-Sensitive</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.2">Section 2.2.2: NASM Requires Square Brackets For Memory References</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.3">Section 2.2.3: NASM Doesn't Store Variable Types</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.4">Section 2.2.4: NASM Doesn't <code><nobr>ASSUME</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.5">Section 2.2.5: NASM Doesn't Support Memory Models</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.6">Section 2.2.6: Floating-Point Differences</a><br><a href="nasmdoc2.html#section-2.2.7">Section 2.2.7: Other Differences</a><br><p><a href="nasmdoc3.html">Chapter 3: The NASM Language</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.1">Section 3.1: Layout of a NASM Source Line</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2">Section 3.2: Pseudo-Instructions</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2.1">Section 3.2.1: <code><nobr>DB</nobr></code> and friends: Declaring Initialised Data</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2.2">Section 3.2.2: <code><nobr>RESB</nobr></code> and friends: Declaring Uninitialised Data</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2.3">Section 3.2.3: <code><nobr>INCBIN</nobr></code>: Including External Binary Files</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2.4">Section 3.2.4: <code><nobr>EQU</nobr></code>: Defining Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.2.5">Section 3.2.5: <code><nobr>TIMES</nobr></code>: Repeating Instructions or Data</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.3">Section 3.3: Effective Addresses</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.4">Section 3.4: Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.4.1">Section 3.4.1: Numeric Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.4.2">Section 3.4.2: Character Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.4.3">Section 3.4.3: String Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.4.4">Section 3.4.4: Floating-Point Constants</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5">Section 3.5: Expressions</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.1">Section 3.5.1: <code><nobr>|</nobr></code>: Bitwise OR Operator</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.2">Section 3.5.2: <code><nobr>^</nobr></code>: Bitwise XOR Operator</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.3">Section 3.5.3: <code><nobr>&</nobr></code>: Bitwise AND Operator</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.4">Section 3.5.4: <code><nobr><<</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>>></nobr></code>: Bit Shift Operators</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.5">Section 3.5.5: <code><nobr>+</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>-</nobr></code>: Addition and Subtraction Operators</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.6">Section 3.5.6: <code><nobr>*</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>/</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>//</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>%</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>%%</nobr></code>: Multiplication and Division</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.5.7">Section 3.5.7: Unary Operators: <code><nobr>+</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>-</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>~</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>SEG</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.6">Section 3.6: <code><nobr>SEG</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>WRT</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.7">Section 3.7: <code><nobr>STRICT</nobr></code>: Inhibiting Optimization</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.8">Section 3.8: Critical Expressions</a><br><a href="nasmdoc3.html#section-3.9">Section 3.9: Local Labels</a><br><p><a href="nasmdoc4.html">Chapter 4: The NASM Preprocessor</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1">Section 4.1: Single-Line Macros</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1.1">Section 4.1.1: The Normal Way: <code><nobr>%define</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1.2">Section 4.1.2: Enhancing %define: <code><nobr>%xdefine</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1.3">Section 4.1.3: Concatenating Single Line Macro Tokens: <code><nobr>%+</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1.4">Section 4.1.4: Undefining macros: <code><nobr>%undef</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.1.5">Section 4.1.5: Preprocessor Variables: <code><nobr>%assign</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.2">Section 4.2: String Handling in Macros: <code><nobr>%strlen</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>%substr</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.2.1">Section 4.2.1: String Length: <code><nobr>%strlen</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.2.2">Section 4.2.2: Sub-strings: <code><nobr>%substr</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3">Section 4.3: Multi-Line Macros: <code><nobr>%macro</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.1">Section 4.3.1: Overloading Multi-Line Macros</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.2">Section 4.3.2: Macro-Local Labels</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.3">Section 4.3.3: Greedy Macro Parameters</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.4">Section 4.3.4: Default Macro Parameters</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.5">Section 4.3.5: <code><nobr>%0</nobr></code>: Macro Parameter Counter</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.6">Section 4.3.6: <code><nobr>%rotate</nobr></code>: Rotating Macro Parameters</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.7">Section 4.3.7: Concatenating Macro Parameters</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.8">Section 4.3.8: Condition Codes as Macro Parameters</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.3.9">Section 4.3.9: Disabling Listing Expansion</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4">Section 4.4: Conditional Assembly</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.1">Section 4.4.1: <code><nobr>%ifdef</nobr></code>: Testing Single-Line Macro Existence</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.2">Section 4.4.2: <code><nobr>ifmacro</nobr></code>: Testing Multi-Line Macro Existence</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.3">Section 4.4.3: <code><nobr>%ifctx</nobr></code>: Testing the Context Stack</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.4">Section 4.4.4: <code><nobr>%if</nobr></code>: Testing Arbitrary Numeric Expressions</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.5">Section 4.4.5: <code><nobr>%ifidn</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>%ifidni</nobr></code>: Testing Exact Text Identity</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.6">Section 4.4.6: <code><nobr>%ifid</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>%ifnum</nobr></code>, <code><nobr>%ifstr</nobr></code>: Testing Token Types</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.4.7">Section 4.4.7: <code><nobr>%error</nobr></code>: Reporting User-Defined Errors</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.5">Section 4.5: Preprocessor Loops: <code><nobr>%rep</nobr></code></a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.6">Section 4.6: Including Other Files</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.7">Section 4.7: The Context Stack</a><br><a href="nasmdoc4.html#section-4.7.1">Section 4.7.1: <code><nobr>%push</nobr></code> and <code><nobr>%pop</nobr></code>: Creating and Removing Contexts</a><br>?? 快捷鍵說明
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