;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;;  Original Author           : Garry
;;  Original Date             : May,14,2004
;;  FileName                  : bootsect.asm
;;  Finished Date             : May 14,2004
;;  Last Modified Date        : May 14,2004
;;  Last Modified Author      :
;;  Procedure defined         :
;;                              1.np_load
;;                              2.np_deadloop
;;                              3.np_printmsg
;;                              4.np_printprocess
;;  Lines number              : 254
;;  Module function           :
;;                              This module countains the boot sector code,
;;                              these code is fit to HD flopy,1.44M.
;;
;;------------------------------------------------------------------------

    bits 16                      ;;This boot sector's code is running under
                                 ;;real address mode.

    org 0x0000                   ;;The start address of one segment.
    ;org 0x0100                   ;;------------- ** debug ** -------------

    %define DEF_SECT_PER_TRACK 18  ;;Sector number per track.
                                   ;;We assume the boot disk is a 1.44M
                                   ;;high denisty floppy.
                                   ;;If the boot disk is not this format,
                                   ;;please change the boot code to fit it.
    %define DEF_TRACK_PER_HEAD 80  ;;Track number per head.
    %define DEF_HEAD_PER_DISK  2   ;;Head number per disk.


    %define DEF_BOOT_START 0x9f00  ;;The start segment address of the boot
                                   ;;sector.
    %define DEF_ORG_START  0x07c0  ;;The orginal address of the boot sector
                                   ;;when loaded into memory by BIOS.

    %define DEF_RINIT_START 0x1000 ;;The real mode initialize code start
                                   ;;address.
    %define DEF_RINIT_LEN   8      ;;The real mode initialize code's length,
                                   ;;unit is 512 byte,one sector.

    %define DEF_MINI_LEN   128     ;;The mini kernal's length,unit is 512B,
                                   ;;one sector.
    ;%define DEF_MINI_LEN   112     ;;------------- ** debug ** -----------

    %define DEF_MAST_LEN   1120    ;;The master's length,in sector,thus,the
                                   ;;Master's max length is 560K.


gl_start:                        ;;Start label of the boot code.

    cli                          ;;Mask all maskable interrupts.
    mov ax,DEF_ORG_START         ;;First,the boot code move itself to DEF_-
                                 ;;BOOT_START from DEF_ORG_START.
    mov ds,ax
    mov ss,ax
    mov sp,0xfff0

    cld
    mov si,0x0000
    ;mov si,0x0100
    mov ax,DEF_BOOT_START
    mov es,ax
    mov di,0x0000
    ;mov di,0x0100
    mov cx,0x0200                ;;The boot sector's size is 512B
    rep movsb

    mov ax,DEF_BOOT_START        ;;Prepare the execute context.
    mov ds,ax
    mov es,ax
    mov ss,ax
    mov sp,0x0ffe
    jmp DEF_BOOT_START : gl_bootbgn  ;;Jump to the DEF_BOOT_START to execute.

gl_bootbgn:
    call np_printmsg             ;;Print out the process message.
    call np_load
    jmp DEF_RINIT_START / 16 : 0 ;;Jump to the real mode initialize code.

    call np_deadloop             ;;If correct,this line code can not be rea-
                                 ;;ched forever.

;;------------------------------------------------------------------------
;;  The following is some helper functions and data section.
;;------------------------------------------------------------------------

np_load:                         ;;This procedure use the int 13 interrupt
                                 ;;call,load the operating system kernal
                                 ;;into memory.
    push es
    mov ax,0x0000
    mov es,ax
    mov bx,DEF_RINIT_START
    xor cx,cx
.ll_start:
    mov ah,0x02
    mov al,0x02                  ;;Load 2 sector for one time.
                                 ;;So,the sector's number of per track,
                                 ;;the total sectors of the whole system
                                 ;;code must be 2 times.
    mov ch,byte [curr_track]
    mov cl,byte [curr_sector]
    mov dh,byte [curr_head]
    mov dl,0x00
    int 0x013
    jc .ll_error
    dec word [total_sector]
    dec word [total_sector]
    jz .ll_end

    cmp bx,63*1024               ;;If the buffer reachs 64k boundry,we must
                                 ;;reinitialize it.
    je .ll_inc_es
    add bx,1024
    jmp .ll_continue1
.ll_inc_es
    mov bx,es
    add bx,4*1024                
    mov es,bx                    ;;Update the es register to another 64k b-
                                 ;;oundry.
    xor bx,bx
.ll_continue1:
    inc byte [curr_sector]
    inc byte [curr_sector]
    cmp byte [curr_sector],DEF_SECT_PER_TRACK  ;;If we have read one track,
                                               ;;must change the track number.
    jae .ll_inc_track
    jmp .ll_start
.ll_inc_track:
    mov bp,es
    mov word [tmp_word],bp                     ;;Print out the process message.
                                               ;;Because of the boring of the
                                               ;;bios call,it use  registers
                                               ;;to pass parameter,so here,
                                               ;;we must save the es register
                                               ;;to a variable.
    pop es
    call np_printprocess
    push es
    mov bp,word [tmp_word]
    mov es,bp

    mov byte [curr_sector],0x01  
    inc byte [curr_track]
    cmp byte [curr_track],DEF_TRACK_PER_HEAD
    jae .ll_inc_head
    jmp .ll_start
.ll_inc_head:
    mov byte [curr_track],0x00
    inc byte [curr_head]
    cmp byte [curr_head],0x02
    jae .ll_end
    jmp .ll_start

.ll_error:                       ;;If there is an error,enter a dead loop.
    mov dx,0x03f2
    mov al,0x00
    out dx,al
    pop es
    call np_deadloop
.ll_end:
    mov dx,0x03f2                ;;The following code shut off the FDC.
    mov al,0x00
    out dx,al
    pop es
    ret                          ;;End of the procedure.

np_deadloop:                     ;;This procedure is a dead loop,when the
                                 ;;boot sector code detect some exception,
                                 ;;it calls this procedure.
                                 ;;If this procedure is called,it means the
                                 ;;system can not loading continue,the only
                                 ;;method is to restart the computer.
    mov ah,0x03
    mov bh,0x00
    int 0x010
    mov cx,65
    mov bx,0x0007
    mov bp,errmsg
    mov ax,0x1301
    int 0x010
    mov cx,0x01
.ll_begin:
    inc cx
    loop .ll_begin
    ret                          ;;End of the procedure,in this procedure,
                                 ;;this position can not reach forever.


np_printmsg:                     ;;This procedure print out the loading msg.
    mov ah,0x03
    mov bh,0x00
    int 0x010                    ;;Read the position of cursor.
    mov cx,60
    mov bx,0x0007
    mov bp,loadmsg
    mov ax,0x1301
    int 0x010                    ;;Print out the loading message.
    ret                          ;;End of the procedure.

np_printprocess:
    push ax
    push bx
    push cx
    push bp
    mov ah,0x03
    mov bh,0x00
    int 0x010
    mov bx,0x0007
    mov cx,0x01
    mov bp,processflag
    mov ax,0x1301
    int 0x010
    pop bp
    pop cx
    pop bx
    pop ax
    ret                          ;;End of the procedure.

gl_datasection:
    loadmsg db 0x0d
            db 0x0a
            db 'Welcome to use Hello China!'
            db 0x0d
            db 0x0a
            db 'Loading now,waiting please.'
            db 0x0d
            db 0x0a
    errmsg  db 0x0d
            db 0x0a
            db 'Fault Error:please power off your computer,'
            db 'and restart again.'
            db 0x0d
            db 0x0a
    processflag
            db '.'
    curr_sector
            db 0x03
    curr_track
            db 0x00
    curr_head
            db 0x00
    total_sector
            dw DEF_RINIT_LEN + DEF_MINI_LEN + DEF_MAST_LEN
    tmp_word
            dw 0

    times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0x00
            dw 0xaa55