*! version 1.4.5  17mar2005
program define pac
	version 6, missing
	if _caller() < 8 {
		local vv = string(_caller())
		version `vv', missing: pac_7 `0'
		exit
	}

	syntax varname(ts) [if] [in]		///
		[,				///
		LAGs(int -999)			///
		GENerate(string)		///
		Level(cilevel)			///
		FFT				///
		noGRAPH				///
		YW				///
		SRV				///
		*				///
	]

	if `"`graph'"' != "" {
		syntax varname(ts) [if] [in]	///
			[,			///
			LAGs(int -999)		///
			GENerate(string)	///
			Level(cilevel)		///
			FFT			///
			noGRAPH			///
			YW			///
		]
	}
	else {
		// parse graph options
		_get_gropts , graphopts(`options')	///
			getallowed(CIOPts SRVOPts plot addplot)
		local options `"`s(graphopts)'"'
		local ciopts `"`s(ciopts)'"'
		local srvopts `"`s(srvopts)'"'
		local plot `"`s(plot)'"'
		local addplot `"`s(addplot)'"'
		_check4gropts ciopts , opt(`ciopts')
		_check4gropts srvopts , opt(`srvopts')
		if `"`srvopts'"' != "" {
			local srv srv
		}
	}

        if "`yw'" != "" & "`srv'" != "" {
        	di as error "cannot specify srv with yw"
        	exit 198
        }
	if "`graph'"!="" {
		if "`generate'"=="" {
			di in red "generate() must be specified with nograph"
			exit 198
		}
	}
	if "`generate'"!="" {
		local nword : word count `generate'
		if `nword' > 1 {
			di in red "generate() should name one new variable"
			exit 198
		}
		confirm new variable `generate'
	}

	marksample touse
	_ts tvar panelvar `if' `in', sort onepanel
	markout `touse' `tvar'

			/* hold the estimates from previous command,
			   otherwise they would be overwritten by -regress- */
        tempname ests
        cap estimates hold `ests', restore	/* -capture- since there may 
						   not be previous cmd */

quietly {

	tempvar  xm pac svar
	tempname R0 se

	summarize `varlist' if `touse'

	local n = r(N)
	if `n' == 0 { error 2000 }
	if `n' < 6 {
		di in red "number of observations must be greater " /*
		*/ "than 5"
		exit 2001
	}

	if `lags' == -999 {
		local lags = min(int(`n'/2)-2,40)
	}
	else if `lags' > int(`n'/2)-2 {
		di in red "lags() too large; must be less than " /*
		*/ int(`n'/2)-2
		exit 498
	}
	else if `lags' <= 0 {
		di in red "lags() must be greater than zero"
		exit 498
	}
	local matsize : set matsize
	if `matsize' < `lags' + 3 {
		di in red "matsize too small; type -help matsize-" _n /*
		*/ "matsize must be greater than or equal to " /*
		*/ `lags' + 3
		exit 908
	}

	scalar `R0' = r(Var)*(`n'-1)
	gen double `xm' = `varlist'-r(mean) if `touse'
	gen double `svar' = . in 1

	tsreport if `touse' & `varlist'<.

	if r(N_gaps) > 0 {
		if r(N_gaps) > 1 {
			noi di in blu "(note: time series has " /*
			*/ r(N_gaps) " gaps)"
		}
		else	noi di in blu "(note: time series has 1 gap)"
	}
	
	if "`yw'" == "" {
		gen double `pac' = . in 1
		local maxop 100
		local i 1
		while `i' <= `lags' {
			local k 1
			local args
			local diargs
			while (`k'-1)*`maxop'+1 <= `i' {
				local f = (`k'-1)*`maxop' + 1
				local e = min(`k'*`maxop',`i')
				local args `args' L(`f'/`e').`xm'
				local diargs `diargs' L(`f'/`e').`varlist'
				local k = `k' + 1
			}
			capture reg `xm' `args'
			if _rc!=2000 & _rc!=2001 {
				if _rc {
					if _rc==1 { error 1 }
					di in red "regression failed" _n /*
					*/ "failed command: regress " /*
					*/ "`varlist' `diargs'"
					error _rc
				}
				scalar `se' = .
				capture scalar `se' = _se[L`i'.`xm']
				if `se'!=0 & `se'<. {
					replace `pac' = _b[L`i'.`xm'] in `i'
					replace `svar' = /*
					*/ (e(N)-1)*e(rmse)^2/`R0' in `i'
				}
			}
			local i = `i' + 1
		}
	}
	else {		/* Use Yule-Walker-based method */
		tempvar acvar
		cap ac `varlist', nograph lags(`lags') gen(`acvar')
		if _rc {
			di as error "calculation of autocorrelations failed"
			exit _rc
		}
		tempname acm pacm sumsmj sumj
		mkmat `acvar' in 1/`lags', matrix(`acm')
		mat `pacm' = J(`lags', `lags', 0)
		mat `pacm'[1,1] = `acm'[1, 1]
		forvalues s = 2/`lags' {
			loc sm1 = `s' - 1
			sca `sumsmj' = 0
			sca `sumj' = 0
			forvalues j = 1/`sm1' {
				sca `sumsmj' = `sumsmj' + ///
					`pacm'[`sm1',`j']*`acm'[`s'-`j', 1]
				sca `sumj' = `sumj' + ///
					`pacm'[`sm1', `j']*`acm'[`j', 1]
			}
			mat `pacm'[`s',`s'] = (`acm'[`s',1] - `sumsmj') / ///
						(1 - `sumj')
			forvalues j = 1/`sm1' {
				mat `pacm'[`s', `j'] = `pacm'[`sm1', `j'] - ///
					`pacm'[`s',`s']*`pacm'[`sm1',`s'-`j']
			}
		}
		mat `pacm' = vecdiag(`pacm')
		mat `pacm' = `pacm' '
		svmat double `pacm', names("`pac'")
	}
} // quietly

	if "`graph'"=="" { /* produce graph */
		tempvar obs
		qui gen long `obs' = _n  in 1/`lags'
		label var `obs' "Lag"
		local xttl : var label `obs'
	local note `"`=strsubdp("`level'")'% Confidence bands [se = 1/sqrt(n)]"'
		local yttl "Partial autocorrelations of `varlist'"
		label var `pac'  "`yttl'"
		label var `svar' "Standardized variances"

		tempvar LCL UCL
		qui gen `UCL' = invnorm((100+`level')/200)/sqrt(`n')	///
			in 1/`lags'
		qui gen `LCL' = -`UCL'
		label var `LCL' `"`=strsubdp("`level'")'% CI"'
		label var `UCL' `"`=strsubdp("`level'")'% CI"'
		format `LCL' `UCL' `pac' `svar' %-5.2f

		if `"`srv'"' != "" {
			local srvplot				///
			(scatter `svar' `obs'			///
				in 1/`lags',			///
				pstyle(p2)			///
				`srvopts'			///
			)
		}

		if `"`srv'`plot'`addplot'"' == "" {
			local legend legend(nodraw)
		}
		version 8: graph twoway			///
		(rarea `LCL' `UCL' `obs'		///
			in 1/`lags',			///
			sort				///
			pstyle(ci)			///
			yticks(0,			///
				grid gmin gmax		///
				notick			///
			)				///
			ytitle(`"`yttl'"')		///
			xtitle(`"Lag"')			///
			subtitle(`"`subttl'"')		///
			note(`"`note'"')		///
			legend(cols(1))			///
			`legend'			///
			`ciopts'			///
		)					///
		(dropline `pac' `obs'			///
			in 1/`lags',			///
			pstyle(p1)			///
			`options'			///
		)					///
		`srvplot'				///
		|| `plot' || `addplot'			///
		// blank
	}

	if "`generate'"!="" {
		rename `pac' `generate'
		format `generate' %10.0g
		label var `generate' "Partial autocorrelations of `varlist'"
	}
end

exit

-pac- requires

1.  N >= 6,

2.  lags() <= int(N/2) - 2.

If lags() not specified, by default lags() = min(int(N/2) - 2, 40).