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<html><head><title>Introduction (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="part1.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch01_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h1 class="chapter">Chapter 1. Introduction</h1><div class="htmltoc"><h4 class="tochead">Contents:</h4><p><a href="ch01_01.htm#sect1">Merging the Traditions</a><br /><a href="ch01_02.htm">Bundling</a><br /><a href="ch01_03.htm">What's in the Quick Reference</a><br /><a href="ch01_04.htm">Beginner's Guide</a><br /><a href="ch01_05.htm">Guide for Users of BSD-Derived Systems</a><br /><a href="ch01_06.htm">Solaris: Standard Compliant Programs</a><br /></p></div><p>The Unix operating system originated at AT&T Bell Labsin the early 1970s.System V Release 4 came from USL (UnixSystem Laboratories) in the late 1980s.Unix source code is currently owned by SCO (theSanta Cruz Operation).Because Unix was able to run on different hardware fromdifferent vendors, developers were encouraged to modify Unix anddistribute it as their own value-added version. Separate Unixtraditions evolved as a result: USL's System V, Berkeley SoftwareDistribution (BSD, from the University of California, Berkeley), Xenix,etc.</p><div class="sect1"><a name="unut-ch-1-sect-1" /><h2 class="sect1"><a name="sect1" />1.1. Merging the Traditions</h2><p><a name="IXT-1-121774" /><a name="IXT-1-121775" />Today, Unix developers have blended the different traditions into a more standard version. (The ongoing work onPOSIX, an international standard based on System V and BSD,is influencing this movement.)This quick reference describes two systems that offer what many peopleconsider to be a “more standard” version of Unix:System V Release 4(SVR4) and Solaris 7.<a href="#FOOTNOTE-2">[2]</a></p><blockquote class="footnote"><a name="FOOTNOTE-2" /><p> [2]Many other Unix-like systems, such as Linux and those based on 4.4BSD-Lite,also offer standards compliance and compatibility withSVR4 and earlier versions of BSD. Covering them, though, is outside the scope of this book.</p></blockquote><p><a name="IXT-1-121776" /><a name="IXT-1-121777" />SVR4, which was developed jointly by USL (then a division of AT&T) and SunMicrosystems, merged features from BSD and SVR3.This added about two dozen BSD commands (plus some new SVR4 commands)to the basic Unix command set.<a name="IXT-1-121778" />In addition, SVR4 provides a BSD CompatibilityPackage, a kind of “second string” command group. This packageincludes some of the most fundamental BSD commands, and its purpose isto help users of BSD-derived systems make the transition to SVR4.</p><p><a name="IXT-1-121779" />Solaris 7 is a distributed computing environment from Sun Microsystems. The history of Solaris 7is more complicated.</p><p><a name="IXT-1-121780" />Solaris 7 includes the SunOS 5.7 operating system, plus additional features such asthe Common Desktop Environment and Java tools.SunOS 5.7, in turn, merges SunOS 4.1 and SVR4.In addition,the kernel has received significant enhancementto support multiprocessor CPUs,multithreaded processes,kernel-level threads,anddynamic loading of device drivers and other kernel modules.Most of the user-level (and system administration)content comes from SVR4. As a result, Solaris 7 is based on SVR4 butcontains additional BSD/SunOS features. To help in the transition from the old(largely BSD-based) SunOS, Solaris provides the BSD/SunOS Compatibility Package and the Binary Compatibility Package.</p><p>Sun has made binary versions of Solaris for the SPARC and Intelarchitectures available for “free,” for noncommercial use.You pay only for the media, shipping, and handling.To find out more, seehttp://www.sun.com/developer.</p></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="part1.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch01_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228">I. Commands and Shells</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228">1.2. Bundling</td></tr></table></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><img src="../gifs/navbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links" /><p><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2003</a> O'Reilly & Associates. 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