?? ch17_02.htm
字號:
<html><head><title>eqn (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch17_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch17_03.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h2 class="sect1">17.2. eqn</h2><p><a name="ch17.troff1a" /><a name="ch17.troff2a" /><a name="ch17.troff3a" /><a name="unut-ch-17-ix-eqn-preprocessor" /><a name="unut-ch-17-ix-equations-formatting-in-nroff-troff" /><a name="unut-ch-17-ix-mathematics-equations-formatting-in-nroff-troff" /><tt class="literal">eqn</tt> is a preprocessor designed to facilitate the typesetting ofmathematical equations. Use <tt class="literal">neqn</tt> with <tt class="literal">nroff</tt>.<tt class="literal">eqn</tt> has the following command-line syntax:</p><blockquote><pre class="code">eqn [<em class="replaceable"><tt>options</em>] [<em class="replaceable">files</tt></em>]</pre></blockquote><p>The canonical reference for <tt class="literal">eqn</tt> is<em class="citetitle">Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide</em>,by L.L. Cherry and B.W. Kernighan,in <em class="citetitle">UNIX Programmer's Manual, Tenth Edition</em>,Volume 2,AT&T Bell Laboratories, M.D. McIlroy and A.G. Hume editors,Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1990.This paper may be downloaded from<a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/doc/74/eqn.ps.gz">http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/doc/74/eqn.ps.gz</a>.</p><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.1" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.1. Options</h3><dl><dt><tt class="literal">-d</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">xy</em></tt></dt><dd>Use <em class="emphasis">x</em></tt> and <em class="emphasis">y</em></tt> as start and stop delimiters;same as specifying the <tt class="literal">eqn</tt> directive<tt class="literal">delim</tt> <em class="emphasis">xy</em></tt>.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">-f</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">n</em></tt></dt><dd>Change to font <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt>; same as the <tt class="literal">gfont</tt> directive.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">-p</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">n</em></tt></dt><dd>Reduce size of superscripts and subscripts by <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt> points.If <tt class="literal">-p</tt> is not specified, the default reduction is 3 points.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">-s</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">n</em></tt></dt><dd>Reduce the point size by <em class="emphasis">n</em></tt> points;same as the <tt class="literal">gsize</tt> directive.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">-T</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">dev</em></tt></dt><dd>Format output to device <em class="emphasis">dev</em></tt>. The default value comes from the TYPESETTER environment variable.Not available with <tt class="literal">neqn</tt>.(This option is not on Solaris <tt class="literal">eqn</tt>.)</p></dd></dl></div><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.2" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.2. eqn Macros</h3><p><a name="IXT-17-123450" /></p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">.EQ</tt></td><td><p>Start typesetting mathematics. </p></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">.EN</tt></td><td><p>End typesetting mathematics.</p></td></tr></table><p><p>Use the <tt class="literal">checkeq</tt> command to check for unmatched macro pairs.(Not all systems have it, though.)</p></div><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.3" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.3. Mathematical Characters</h3><p><a name="IXT-17-123451" /><a name="IXT-17-123452" />The character sequences below are recognized and translated as shown:</p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><th><em class="emphasis">Character</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Translation</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Character</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Translation</em></tt></th></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">>=</tt></td><td><img src="figs/ge.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">approx</tt></td><td><img src="figs/ap.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal"><=</tt></td><td><img src="figs/le.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">nothing</tt></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">==</tt></td><td><img src="figs/equiv.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">cdot</tt></td><td>.</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">!=</tt></td><td><img src="figs/ne.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">times</tt></td><td>×</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">+-</tt></td><td>±</td><td><tt class="literal">del</tt></td><td><img src="figs/nabla.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">-></tt></td><td><img src="figs/U2192.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">grad</tt></td><td><img src="figs/nabla.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal"><-</tt></td><td><img src="figs/U2190.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">...</tt></td><td>...</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal"><<</tt></td><td><img src="figs/llt.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">,...,</tt></td><td>,...,</td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">>></tt></td><td><img src="figs/ggt.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">sum</tt></td><td><img src="figs/ssigma.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">inf</tt></td><td><img src="figs/infin.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">int</tt></td><td><img src="figs/int.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">partial</tt></td><td><img src="figs/part.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">prod</tt></td><td><img src="figs/ppi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">half</tt></td><td>½</td><td><tt class="literal">union</tt></td><td><img src="figs/cup.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">prime</tt></td><td><img src="figs/prime.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td><tt class="literal">inter</tt></td><td><img src="figs/cap.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.4" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.4. Mathematical Text</h3><p>Digits, parentheses, brackets, punctuation marks, and the followingmathematical words are printed out in roman font:</p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td><tt class="literal">sin</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">cos</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">tan</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">arc</tt></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">sinh</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">cosh</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">tanh</tt></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">and</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">if</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">for</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">det</tt></td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">max</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">min</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">lim</tt></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">log</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">ln</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">exp</tt></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><tt class="literal">Re</tt></td><td><tt class="literal">Im</tt></td><td></td><td> </td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.5" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.5. Greek Characters</h3><p><a name="IXT-17-123453" /><a name="IXT-17-123454" />Greek letters can be printed in uppercase or lowercase. To obtain Greek letters, simply spell them out.Some uppercase Greek letters are not supported because they can bespecified by a roman equivalent (e.g, A for alpha, B for beta).</p><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><th><em class="emphasis">Name</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Character</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Name</em></tt></th><th><em class="emphasis">Character</em></tt></th></tr><tr><td>alpha</td><td><img src="figs/alpha.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>tau</td><td><img src="figs/tau.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>beta</td><td><img src="figs/beta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>upsilon</td><td><img src="figs/upsi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>gamma</td><td><img src="figs/gamma.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>phi</td><td><img src="figs/phi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>delta</td><td><img src="figs/delta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>chi</td><td><img src="figs/chi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>epsilon</td><td><img src="figs/epsi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>psi</td><td><img src="figs/psi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>zeta</td><td><img src="figs/zeta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>omega</td><td><img src="figs/omega.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>eta</td><td><img src="figs/eta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>GAMMA</td><td><img src="figs/ggamma.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>theta</td><td><img src="figs/theta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>DELTA</td><td><img src="figs/ddelta.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>iota</td><td><img src="figs/iota.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>THETA</td><td><img src="figs/U0398.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>kappa</td><td><img src="figs/kappa.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>LAMBDA</td><td><img src="figs/llambda.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>lambda</td><td><img src="figs/lambda.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>XI</td><td><img src="figs/xxi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>mu</td><td><img src="figs/mu.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>PI</td><td><img src="figs/ppi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>nu</td><td><img src="figs/nu.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>SIGMA</td><td><img src="figs/ssigma.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>xi</td><td><img src="figs/xi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>UPSILON</td><td><img src="figs/uupsi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>omicron</td><td><img src="figs/omicr.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>PHI</td><td><img src="figs/pphi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>pi</td><td><img src="figs/pi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>PSI</td><td><img src="figs/ppsi.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>rho</td><td><img src="figs/rho.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td>OMEGA</td><td><img src="figs/oomega.gif" alt="Figure " /></td></tr><tr><td>sigma</td><td><img src="figs/sigma.gif" alt="Figure " /></td><td></td><td> </td></tr></table><p></div><a name="unut-ch-17-sect-2.6" /><div class="sect2"><h3 class="sect2">17.2.6. Diacritical Marks</h3><p><a name="IXT-17-123455" />Several keywords are available to mark the tops of characters.<tt class="literal">eqn</tt> centers a mark at the correct height.<tt class="literal">bar</tt> and <tt class="literal">under</tt> span the necessary length.</p>?? 快捷鍵說明
復制代碼
Ctrl + C
搜索代碼
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切換主題
Ctrl + Shift + D
顯示快捷鍵
?
增大字號
Ctrl + =
減小字號
Ctrl + -