Puff -- A Simple Inflate3 Mar 2003Mark Adlermadler@alumni.caltech.eduWhat this is --puff.c provides the routine puff() to decompress the deflate data format.  Itdoes so more slowly than zlib, but the code is about one-fifth the size of theinflate code in zlib, and written to be very easy to read.Why I wrote this --puff.c was written to document the deflate format unambiguously, by virtue ofbeing working C code.  It is meant to supplement RFC 1951, which formallydescribes the deflate format.  I have received many questions on details of thedeflate format, and I hope that reading this code will answer those questions.puff.c is heavily commented with details of the deflate format, especiallythose little nooks and cranies of the format that might not be obvious from aspecification.puff.c may also be useful in applications where code size or memory usage is avery limited resource, and speed is not as important.How to use it --Well, most likely you should just be reading puff.c and using zlib for actualapplications, but if you must ...Include puff.h in your code, which provides this prototype:int puff(unsigned char *dest,           /* pointer to destination pointer */         unsigned long *destlen,        /* amount of output space */         unsigned char *source,         /* pointer to source data pointer */         unsigned long *sourcelen);     /* amount of input available */Then you can call puff() to decompress a deflate stream that is in memory inits entirety at source, to a sufficiently sized block of memory for thedecompressed data at dest.  puff() is the only external symbol in puff.c  Theonly C library functions that puff.c needs are setjmp() and longjmp(), whichare used to simplify error checking in the code to improve readabilty.  puff.cdoes no memory allocation, and uses less than 2K bytes off of the stack.If destlen is not enough space for the uncompressed data, then inflate willreturn an error without writing more than destlen bytes.  Note that this meansthat in order to decompress the deflate data successfully, you need to knowthe size of the uncompressed data ahead of time.If needed, puff() can determine the size of the uncompressed data with nooutput space.  This is done by passing dest equal to (unsigned char *)0.  Thenthe initial value of *destlen is ignored and *destlen is set to the length ofthe uncompressed data.  So if the size of the uncompressed data is not known,then two passes of puff() can be used--first to determine the size, and secondto do the actual inflation after allocating the appropriate memory.  Notpretty, but it works.  (This is one of the reasons you should be using zlib.)The deflate format is self-terminating.  If the deflate stream does not endin *sourcelen bytes, puff() will return an error without reading at or pastendsource.On return, *sourcelen is updated to the amount of input data consumed, and*destlen is updated to the size of the uncompressed data.  See the commentsin puff.c for the possible return codes for puff().