?? online judge論壇-acm-icpc-[第03篇]acm-icpc競賽之stl--pair.htm
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<td width="*" height="100%" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:12pt" valign="top"><img src="Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif" border="0" alt="發(fā)貼心情" align="absmiddle"> <B>[第03篇]ACM/ICPC競賽之STL--pair</B><BR><br><H1 align=center>第03篇 ACM/ICPC競賽之STL--pair</H1><P>STL的<utility>頭文件中描述了一個看上去非常簡單的模板類pair，用來表示一個二元組或元素對，并提供了按照字典序對元素對進行大小比較的比較運算符模板函數(shù)。</P><P>例如，想要定義一個對象表示一個平面坐標點，則可以：</P><P>pair<double, double> p1;<br>cin >> p1.first >> p1.second;<br></P><P>pair模板類需要兩個參數(shù)：首元素的數(shù)據(jù)類型和尾元素的數(shù)據(jù)類型。pair模板類對象有兩個成員：first和second，分別表示首元素和尾元素。</P><P>在<utility>中已經(jīng)定義了pair上的六個比較運算符：<、>、<=、>=、==、!=，其規(guī)則是先比較first，first相等時再比較second，這符合大多數(shù)應用的邏輯。當然，也可以通過重載這幾個運算符來重新指定自己的比較邏輯。</P><P>除了直接定義一個pair對象外，如果需要即時生成一個pair對象，也可以調用在<utility>中定義的一個模板函數(shù)：make_pair。make_pair需要兩個參數(shù)，分別為元素對的首元素和尾元素。</P><P>在題1067--Ugly Numbers中，就可以用pair來表示推演樹上的結點，用first表示結點的值，用second表示結點是由父結點乘以哪一個因子得到的。</P><FONT size=3><PRE>#include <iostream><br>#include <queue><br><br>using namespace std;<br><br><FONT color=#ff0000>typedef pair<unsigned long, int> node_type;<br></FONT><br>main()<br>{<br> unsigned long result[1500];<br> priority_queue< <FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>, vector<<FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>>, greater<<FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>> > Q;<br> Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(1, 2)</FONT> );<br> for (int i=0; i<1500; i++)<br> {<br> node_type node = Q.top(); Q.pop();<br> switch(<FONT color=#ff0000>node.second</FONT>)<br> {<br> case 2: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*2, 2)</FONT> );<br> case 3: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*3, 3)</FONT> );<br> case 5: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*5, 5)</FONT> );<br> }<br> result[i] = <FONT color=#ff0000>node.first</FONT>;<br> }<br><br> int n;<br> cin >> n;<br> while (n>0)<br> {<br> cout << result[n-1] << endl; <br> cin >> n;<br> }<br> <br> return 1;<br>}</PRE><P><utility>看上去是很簡單的一個頭文件，但是<utility>的設計中卻濃縮反映了STL設計的基本思想。有意深入了解和研究STL的同學，仔細閱讀和體會這個簡單的頭文件，不失為一種入門的途徑。</P></FONT><br><div align=right><font color=#000066>[此貼子已經(jīng)被作者于2005-10-3 17:36:04編輯過]</font></div></td>
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