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<td width="*" height="100%" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:12pt" valign="top"><img src="Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif" border="0" alt="發貼心情" align="absmiddle"> <B>[第09篇]ACM/ICPC競賽之STL--algorithm</B><BR><br><H1 align=center>第09篇 ACM/ICPC競賽之STL--algorithm</H1><P><algorithm>無疑是STL中最大的一個頭文件，它是由一大堆模板函數組成的。</P><P>下面列舉出<algorithm>中的模板函數：</P><P>adjacent_find / binary_search / copy / copy_backward / count / count_if / equal / equal_range / fill / fill_n / find / find_end / find_first_of / find_if / for_each / generate / generate_n / includes / inplace_merge / iter_swap / lexicographical_compare / lower_bound / make_heap / max / max_element / merge / min / min_element / mismatch / next_permutation / nth_element / partial_sort / partial_sort_copy / partition / pop_heap / prev_permutation / push_heap / random_shuffle / remove / remove_copy / remove_copy_if / remove_if / replace / replace_copy / replace_copy_if / replace_if / reverse / reverse_copy / rotate / rotate_copy / search / search_n / set_difference / set_intersection / set_symmetric_difference / set_union / sort / sort_heap / stable_partition / stable_sort / swap / swap_ranges / transform / unique / unique_copy / upper_bound</P><P>如果詳細敘述每一個模板函數的使用，足夠寫一本書的了。還是來看幾個簡單的示例程序吧。</P><P>示例程序之一，for_each遍歷容器：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>#include <iostream><br>#include <vector><br>#include <algorithm><br>using namespace std;<br><br>int Visit(int v) // 遍歷算子函數<br>{<br> cout << v << " ";<br> return 1;<br>}<br><br>class MultInt // 定義遍歷算子類<br>{<br>private:<br> int factor;<br>public:<br> MultInt(int f) : factor(f)<br> {<br> }<br> void operator()(int &elem) const<br> {<br> elem *= factor;<br> }<br>};<br><br>main()<br>{<br> vector<int> L;<br> for (int i=0; i<10; i++) L.push_back(i);<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>for_each</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end(), Visit);<br> cout << endl;<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>for_each</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end(), MultInt(2));<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>for_each</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end(), Visit);<br> cout << endl;<br> return 1;<br>}</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>程序的輸出結果為：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br>0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>示例程序之二，min_element/max_element，找出容器中的最小/最大值：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>#include <iostream><br>#include <vector><br>#include <algorithm><br>using namespace std;<br><br>main()<br>{<br> vector<int> L;<br> for (int i=0; i<10; i++) L.push_back(i);<br> vector<int>::iterator min_it = <FONT color=#ff0000>min_element</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end());<br> vector<int>::iterator max_it = <FONT color=#ff0000>max_element</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end());<br> cout << "Min is " << *min_it << endl;<br> cout << "Max is " << *max_it << endl;<br> return 1;<br>}</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>程序的輸出結果為：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>Min is 0<br>Max is 9</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>示例程序之三，sort對容器進行排序：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>#include <iostream><br>#include <vector><br>#include <algorithm><br>using namespace std;<br>void Print(vector<int> &L)<br>{<br> for (vector<int>::iterator it=L.begin(); it!=L.end(); it++)<br> cout << *it << " ";<br> cout << endl;<br>}<br>main()<br>{<br> vector<int> L;<br> for (int i=0; i<5; i++) L.push_back(i);<br> for (int i=9; i>=5; i--) L.push_back(i);<br> Print(L);<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>sort</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end());<br> Print(L);<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>sort</FONT>(L.begin(), L.end(), greater<int>()); // 按降序排序<br> Print(L);<br> return 1;<br>}</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>程序的輸出結果為：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>0 1 2 3 4 9 8 7 6 5<br>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br>9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>示例程序之四，copy在容器間復制元素：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>#include <vector><br>#include <algorithm><br>#include <iostream><br>using namespace std;<br>main( )<br>{<br> // 先初始化兩個向量v1和v2<br> vector <int> v1, v2;<br> for (int i=0; i<=5; i++) v1.push_back(10*i);<br> for (int i=0; i<=10; i++) v2.push_back(3*i);<br><br> cout << "v1 = ( " ;<br> for (vector <int>::iterator it=v1.begin(); it!=v1.end(); it++)<br> cout << *it << " ";<br> cout << ")" << endl;<br><br> cout << "v2 = ( " ;<br> for (vector <int>::iterator it=v2.begin(); it!=v2.end(); it++)<br> cout << *it << " ";<br> cout << ")" << endl;<br><br> // 將v1的前三個元素復制到v2的中間<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>copy</FONT>(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+3, v2.begin()+4);<br><br> cout << "v2 with v1 insert = ( " ;<br> for (vector <int>::iterator it=v2.begin(); it!=v2.end(); it++)<br> cout << *it << " ";<br> cout << ")" << endl;<br> <br> // 在v2內部進行復制，注意參數2表示結束位置，結束位置不參與復制<br> <FONT color=#ff0000>copy</FONT>(v2.begin()+4, <FONT color=#ff0000>v2.begin()+7</FONT>, v2.begin()+2);<br><br> cout << "v2 with shifted insert = ( " ;<br> for (vector <int>::iterator it=v2.begin(); it!=v2.end(); it++)<br> cout << *it << " ";<br> cout << ")" << endl;<br> return 1;<br>}</P></BLOCKQUOTE><P>程序的輸出結果為：</P><BLOCKQUOTE><P>v1 = ( 0 10 20 30 40 50 )<br>v2 = ( 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 )<br>v2 with v1 insert = ( 0 3 6 9 <FONT color=#ff0000>0 10 20</FONT> 21 24 27 30 )<br>v2 with shifted insert = ( 0 3 <FONT color=#ff0000>0 10 20</FONT> 10 20 21 24 27 30 )</P></BLOCKQUOTE><br><br><br><div align=right><font color=#000066>[此貼子已經被作者于2006-4-17 16:20:12編輯過]</font></div></td>
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