?? 編 譯.htm
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<P align=left>＞<A href="http://www.pdazone.com.cn/"
target=_parent>首頁</A>＞PDA開發(fā) </P></TD></TR>
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<P align=center><SMALL>CodeWarrior 使用教程</SMALL></P></TD></TR>
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<P align=center><FONT size=3><B>第三課</B><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </FONT><STRONG>
編 譯</STRONG></FONT></P></TD></TR>
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<P align=center>Translated from <STRONG><FONT
face=Arial>CodeWarriorU.COM</FONT></STRONG></P>
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<TD class=font width="100%"><FONT face=幼圓 color=#000000
size=3><B><B>第一步：理解編譯階段</B></B></FONT>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2> </FONT><FONT
size=2>我們的前面的課程中已經(jīng)學(xué)到，源程序輸入完之后的工作就是要編譯它。編譯源程序就是計(jì)算機(jī)把你所寫</FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>(</FONT><FONT
size=2>通常是用</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C
</FONT><FONT size=2>或 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++</FONT><FONT
size=2>編寫的</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2>)</FONT><FONT
size=2>的源代碼進(jìn)行分解、分析，然后轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)器語言。機(jī)器語言是一種計(jì)算機(jī)能夠理解阿語言，而且它運(yùn)行起來比 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C </FONT><FONT size=2>或
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++
</FONT><FONT size=2>也要快得多。編譯的大致過程如下：</FONT></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>1.
</FONT><FONT size=2>用 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C </FONT><FONT size=2>或
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++
</FONT><FONT size=2>編寫代碼：</FONT></P><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>#include <STDIO.H><BR>void main(void) { <BR> int
c; <BR> printf("Hello World on Windows!\n");
<BR> c = getchar();
<BR>}</P></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>2.
</FONT><FONT size=2>進(jìn)行編譯。 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>CodeWarrior
</FONT><FONT size=2>編譯上述代碼并把它翻譯成機(jī)器語言，結(jié)果如下： </FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2>
</FONT><FONT size=2>符號(hào)名：</FONT></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
<P>1: _main 2: _@8 3: _printf 4: ___files 5: _fwide 6: ___get_char
===============================================================
SECTION SIZE = 0x0000003C; NAME =?.text DEFINED SYMBOLS: name =
_main offset = 0x00000000; type = 0x0020; class = 0x0002 00000000:
68 00 00 00 00 push offset _@8 00000005: E8 00 00 00 00 call
_printf 0000000A: 59 pop ecx 0000000B: 6A FF push -1 0000000D: 68
00 00 00 00 push offset ___files 00000012: E8 00 00 00 00 call
_fwide 00000017: 85 C0 test eax,eax 00000019: 59 pop ecx 0000001A:
59 pop ecx 0000001B: 7D 1E jge $+32 ; --> 0x003b 0000001D: 83
2D 2C 00 00 00 sub dword ptr ___files+44,1 00000023: 01 00000024:
72 0A jb $+12 ; --> 0x0030 00000026: FF 05 28 00 00 00 inc
dword ptr ___files+40 0000002C: EB 0D jmp $+15 ; --> 0x003b
0000002E: 89 C0 mov eax,eax 00000030: 68 00 00 00 00 push offset
___files 00000035: E8 00 00 00 00 call ___get_char 0000003A: 59
pop ecx 0000003B: C3 ret near
=============================================================
SECTION SIZE = 0x00000019; NAME = .data 00000000: 48 65 6C 6C 6F
20 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 6F 6E 20 57 Hello World on W 00000010: 69 6E
64 6F 77 73 21 0A 00 indows! DEFINED SYMBOLS: name = _@8 offset =
0x00000000; type = 0x0000; class = 0x0003
==============================================================
</FONT>
<P></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2> </FONT><FONT
size=2>上述機(jī)器代碼難于閱讀，不要去管它。機(jī)器代碼相比 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C </FONT><FONT size=2>或
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++
</FONT><FONT
size=2>而言，要難理解多了。但是，計(jì)算機(jī)只能理解機(jī)器語言。只有將你的程序編譯—或翻譯—成機(jī)器代碼，然后再執(zhí)行它，這樣運(yùn)行起來才能快一些，而不是每次運(yùn)行時(shí)才去翻譯它，那樣運(yùn)行速度就很慢了。</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2> </FONT><FONT
size=2>你只需選定一個(gè)源文件，然后從工程菜單中選擇反匯編項(xiàng)，你就能看到該文件的機(jī)器語言清單。實(shí)際上上面我們看到的機(jī)器語言清單就是這樣得到的。如果你仔細(xì)地對(duì)照閱讀一下你的
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C
</FONT><FONT size=2>或 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++ </FONT><FONT
size=2>源代碼和它編譯后的機(jī)器代碼，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間的關(guān)系。</FONT><BR></P>
<P><B><B><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000
size=3>CodeWarrior </FONT><FONT face=幼圓 color=#000000
size=3>中編譯選項(xiàng)的詳細(xì)設(shè)置</FONT></B></B></P>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2> </FONT><FONT
size=2>在正式開始編譯源代碼之前，</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2>CodeWarrior </FONT><FONT size=2>還要對(duì)其做預(yù)處理。在這個(gè)階段，是對(duì)
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C
</FONT><FONT size=2>或 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>C++ </FONT><FONT
size=2>代碼進(jìn)行編譯前的一些準(zhǔn)備工作。在編寫程序的過程中，往往會(huì)有很多相同的</FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>P</FONT><FONT
size=2>代碼輸入，于是程序員使用一些快捷方式，比如所謂的宏</FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>(macros)</FONT><FONT
size=2>來代替這些相同的輸入。例如，你可以使用 </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>APPNAME </FONT><FONT
size=2>作為一個(gè)宏，來表示“</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2>Metrowerks CodeWarrior</FONT><FONT
size=2>”，以此來減少輸入的工作量。預(yù)處理就是要把這些宏轉(zhuǎn)換為它們實(shí)際表示的代碼，此外還要替換一些定義符號(hào)</FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>(</FONT><FONT size=2>比如
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>#define
THREE 3)</FONT><FONT
size=2>為實(shí)際的源代碼。為了更好地理解預(yù)處理所做的工作，你可以查看一下預(yù)處理結(jié)果的清單。首先在工程窗口中選中一個(gè)源文件，然后從工程菜單中選擇預(yù)處理項(xiàng)，你就可以看到源代碼進(jìn)行了預(yù)處理之后，編譯之前的結(jié)果清單了。</FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>.</FONT></P>
<P><B><FONT face=幼圓 size=+1>定制</FONT><FONT size=+1> </FONT><FONT
face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=+1>CodeWarrior </FONT><FONT
face=幼圓 size=+1>的編譯方式</FONT></B></P>
<P><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"
size=2> </FONT><FONT size=2>在第二課中，我們已經(jīng)了解了一些控制
</FONT><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>CodeWarrior
</FONT><FONT size=2>編譯代碼的選項(xiàng)對(duì)話框。現(xiàn)在我們?cè)賮碓敿?xì)地看看一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn) </FONT><FONT
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