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<DIV class=postTitle><A class=postTitle2 id=viewpost1_TitleUrl
href="http://www.blogjava.net/max/archive/2007/04/13/110310.html">在Struts
2中實現CRUD</A> </DIV>
<P>CRUD是Create（創建）、Read（讀取）、Update（更新）和Delete（刪除）的縮寫，它是普通應用程序的縮影。如果您掌握了某框架的CRUD編寫，那么意味可以使用該框架創建普通應用程序了，所以大家使用新框架開發OLTP（Online
Transaction Processing）應用程序時，首先會研究一下如何編寫CRUD。這類似于大家在學習新編程語言時喜歡編寫“Hello
World”。</P>
<P>本文旨在講述Struts 2上的CRUD開發，所以為了例子的簡單易懂，我不會花時間在數據庫的操作上。取而代之的是一個模擬數據庫的哈希表（Hash
Map）。</P>
<H2>具體實現</H2>
<P>首先，讓我們看看的“冒牌”的DAO（Data Access Object，數據訪問對象），代碼如下：</P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px solid; WIDTH: 98%; WORD-BREAK: break-all; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee"><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif" align=top><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">package</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">
tutorial.dao;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top><BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">import</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> java.util.Collection;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">import</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">import</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top><BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">import</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> tutorial.model.Book;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/None.gif"
align=top><BR><IMG id=Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Open_Image
onclick="this.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Open_Text.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Closed_Image.style.display='inline'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Closed_Text.style.display='inline';"
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/ExpandedBlockStart.gif"
align=top><IMG id=Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Closed_Image style="DISPLAY: none"
onclick="this.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Closed_Text.style.display='none'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Open_Image.style.display='inline'; Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Open_Text.style.display='inline';"
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/ContractedBlock.gif"
align=top></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">public</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">class</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> BookDao </SPAN><SPAN
id=Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Closed_Text
style="BORDER-RIGHT: #808080 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #808080 1px solid; DISPLAY: none; BORDER-LEFT: #808080 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #808080 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff"><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/dot.gif"></SPAN><SPAN
id=Codehighlighter1_193_1438_Open_Text><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">{<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/InBlock.gif" align=top>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">private</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">static</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">final</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> BookDao instance;<BR><IMG
src="在Struts 2中實現CRUD - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/InBlock.gif" align=top>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">private</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">static</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">final</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"> ConcurrentMap</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000"><</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">String,
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