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<DIV class=postTitle><A class=postTitle2 id=viewpost1_TitleUrl
href="http://www.blogjava.net/max/archive/2006/12/28/90548.html">在Struts
2中實(shí)現(xiàn)IoC</A> </DIV>
<P>IoC(Inversion of Control，以下譯為控制反轉(zhuǎn)）隨著Java社區(qū)中輕量級(jí)容器（Lightweight
Contianer）的推廣而越來越為大家耳熟能詳。在此，我不想再多費(fèi)唇舌來解釋“什么是控制反轉(zhuǎn)”和“為什么需要控制反轉(zhuǎn)”。因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)有非常多的文章對(duì)諸如此類的問題作了精彩而準(zhǔn)確的回答。大家可以去讀一下Rod
Johnson和Juergen Hoeller合著的《<A
href="http://www.wrox.com/books/0764558315.shtml">Expert one-on-one J2EE
Development without EJB</A>》或Martin Fowler所寫的《<A class=l
onmousedown="return clk(0,'','','res','1','')"
href="http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html" target=_blank><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000cc">Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency
Injection pattern</SPAN></A>》。</P>
<P>言歸正傳，本文的目的主要是介紹在Struts 2中實(shí)現(xiàn)控制反轉(zhuǎn)。</P>
<H2>歷史背景</H2>
<P>眾所周知，Struts 2是以Webwork 2作為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展出來。而在Webwork
2.2之前的Webwork版本，其自身有一套控制反轉(zhuǎn)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，Webwork 2.2在<A
href="http://www.springframework.org/">Spring
框架</A>的如火如荼發(fā)展的背景下，決定放棄控制反轉(zhuǎn)功能的開發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)由Spring實(shí)現(xiàn)。值得一提的是，Spring確實(shí)是一個(gè)值得學(xué)習(xí)的框架，因?yàn)橛性絹碓蕉嗟拈_源組件（如<A
href="http://ibatis.apache.org/">iBATIS</A>等）都放棄與Spring重疊的功能的開發(fā)。因此，Struts
2推薦大家通過Spring實(shí)現(xiàn)控制反轉(zhuǎn)。</P>
<H2>具體實(shí)現(xiàn)</H2>
<P>首先，在開發(fā)環(huán)境中配置好Struts 2的工程。對(duì)這部分仍然有問題的朋友，請參考我的早前的文章。</P>
<P>然后，將所需的Spring的jar包加入到工程的構(gòu)建環(huán)境（Build Path）中，如下圖1所示：</P>
<P><IMG alt="圖1 所依賴的Spring的jar包"
src="在Struts 2中實(shí)現(xiàn)IoC - Max On Java - BlogJava.files/r_pic1.gif"> <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: smaller; FONT-STYLE: italic">圖1 所依賴的Spring的jar包</SPAN> </P>
<P>本文使用的是Spring
2.0，Spring強(qiáng)烈建議大家在使用其jar包時(shí)，只引用需要的包，原因是Spring是一個(gè)功能非常強(qiáng)大的框架，其中有些功能是您不需要的；而且Spring提倡的是“按需所取”，而不是EJB的“愛我就要愛我的一切”。當(dāng)然，如果你怕麻煩或者是不清楚每個(gè)包的作用，引用一個(gè)Spring的總包也未嘗不可。</P>
<P>接下來，就要修改WEB-INF\web.xml文件了，內(nèi)容為：</P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 4px; FONT-SIZE: 13px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px solid; WIDTH: 98%; WORD-BREAK: break-all; PADDING-TOP: 4px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee"><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff"><?</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">xml
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">?></SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">web-app </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #ff0000">version</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">="2.4"</SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">xmlns</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #ff0000"><BR> xmlns:xsi</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #ff0000"><BR> xsi:schemaLocation</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee <BR>
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">display-name</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">Struts 2 IoC
Demo</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"></</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">display-name</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-name</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #000000">struts-cleanup</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff"></</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-name</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-class</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp<BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"></</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-class</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"></</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR><BR> </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">filter</SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><BR>
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-name</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #0000ff">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">struts2</SPAN>
<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"></</SPAN> <SPAN
style="COLOR: #800000">filter-name</SPAN> <SPAN
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