%CASEFORMAT    Defines the MATPOWER case file format.%   A MATPOWER case file is an M-file or MAT-file which defines the variables%   baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, and gencost. With the exception of%   baseMVA, a scalar, each data variable is a matrix, where a row corresponds%   to a single bus, branch, gen, etc. The format of the data is similar to%   the PTI format described in%       http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/formats/pti.txt%   except where noted. An item marked with (+) indicates that it is included%   in this data but is not part of the PTI format. An item marked with (-) is%   one that is in the PTI format but is not included here. The columns for%   each data matrix are given below.%%   See also IDX_BUS, IDX_BRCH, IDX_GEN, IDX_AREA and IDX_COST regarding%   constants which can be used as named column indices for the data matrices.%   Also described in the first three are additional columns that are added%   to the bus, branch and gen matrices by the power flow and OPF solvers.%%   Bus Data Format%       1   bus number (1 to 29997)%       2   bus type%               PQ bus          = 1%               PV bus          = 2%               reference bus   = 3%               isolated bus    = 4%       3   Pd, real power demand (MW)%       4   Qd, reactive power demand (MVAr)%       5   Gs, shunt conductance (MW (demanded) at V = 1.0 p.u.)%       6   Bs, shunt susceptance (MVAr (injected) at V = 1.0 p.u.)%       7   area number, 1-100%       8   Vm, voltage magnitude (p.u.)%       9   Va, voltage angle (degrees)%   (-)     (bus name)%       10  baseKV, base voltage (kV)%       11  zone, loss zone (1-999)%   (+) 12  maxVm, maximum voltage magnitude (p.u.)%   (+) 13  minVm, minimum voltage magnitude (p.u.)%%   Generator Data Format%       1   bus number%   (-)     (machine identifier, 0-9, A-Z)%       2   Pg, real power output (MW)%       3   Qg, reactive power output (MVAr)%       4   Qmax, maximum reactive power output (MVAr)%       5   Qmin, minimum reactive power output (MVAr)%       6   Vg, voltage magnitude setpoint (p.u.)%   (-)     (remote controlled bus index)%       7   mBase, total MVA base of this machine, defaults to baseMVA%   (-)     (machine impedance, p.u. on mBase)%   (-)     (step up transformer impedance, p.u. on mBase)%   (-)     (step up transformer off nominal turns ratio)%       8   status,  >  0 - machine in service%                    <= 0 - machine out of service%   (-)     (% of total VAr's to come from this gen in order to hold V at%               remote bus controlled by several generators)%       9   Pmax, maximum real power output (MW)%       10  Pmin, minimum real power output (MW)%%   Branch Data Format%       1   f, from bus number%       2   t, to bus number%   (-)     (circuit identifier)%       3   r, resistance (p.u.)%       4   x, reactance (p.u.)%       5   b, total line charging susceptance (p.u.)%       6   rateA, MVA rating A (long term rating)%       7   rateB, MVA rating B (short term rating)%       8   rateC, MVA rating C (emergency rating)%       9   ratio, transformer off nominal turns ratio ( = 0 for lines )%           (taps at 'from' bus, impedance at 'to' bus, i.e. ratio = Vf / Vt)%       10  angle, transformer phase shift angle (degrees)%   (-)     (Gf, shunt conductance at from bus p.u.)%   (-)     (Bf, shunt susceptance at from bus p.u.)%   (-)     (Gt, shunt conductance at to bus p.u.)%   (-)     (Bt, shunt susceptance at to bus p.u.)%       11  initial branch status, 1 - in service, 0 - out of service%% (+) Area Data Format%       1   i, area number%       2   price_ref_bus, reference bus for that area% % (+) Generator Cost Data Format%       NOTE: If gen has n rows, then the first n rows of gencost contain%       the cost for active power produced by the corresponding generators.%       If gencost has 2*n rows then rows n+1 to 2*n contain the reactive%       power costs in the same format.%       1   model, 1 - piecewise linear, 2 - polynomial%       2   startup, startup cost in US dollars%       3   shutdown, shutdown cost in US dollars%       4   n, number of cost coefficients to follow for polynomial%           cost function, or number of data points for piecewise linear%       5 and following, cost data defining total cost function%           For polynomial cost:%                   c2, c1, c0%           where the polynomial is c0 + c1*P + c2*P^2%           For piecewise linear cost:%                   x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, ...%           where x0 < x1 < x2 < ... and the points (x0,y0), (x1,y1),%           (x2,y2), ... are the end- and break-points of the cost function.%   MATPOWER%   $Id: caseformat.m,v 1.5 2004/12/15 22:44:57 ray Exp $%   by Ray Zimmerman, PSERC Cornell%   Copyright (c) 1996-2004 by Power System Engineering Research Center (PSERC)%   See http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/ for more info.