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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" /><title>File Transfer Protocol (FTP)</title><meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7" /><link rel="HOME" title="FreeBSD 使用手冊" href="index.html" /><link rel="UP" title="Network Servers" href="network-servers.html" /><link rel="PREVIOUS" title="Apache HTTP Server" href="network-apache.html" /><link rel="NEXT" title="File and Print Services for Microsoft燱indows clients (Samba)"href="network-samba.html" /><link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB2312" /></head><body class="SECT1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"alink="#0000FF"><div class="NAVHEADER"><table summary="Header navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">FreeBSD 使用手冊</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href="network-apache.html"accesskey="P">后退</a></td><td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">章 23. Network Servers</td><td width="10%" align="right" valign="bottom"><a href="network-samba.html"accesskey="N">前進(jìn)</a></td></tr></table><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /></div><div class="SECT1"><h1 class="SECT1"><a id="NETWORK-FTP" name="NETWORK-FTP">23.8. File Transfer Protocol(FTP)</a></h1><i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Contributed by</span> Murray Stokely.</i> <div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN34909" name="AEN34909">23.8.1. Overview</a></h2><p>The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides users with a simple way to transfer files toand from an <acronym title="File Transfer Protocol" class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym> server.FreeBSD includes <acronym title="File Transfer Protocol" class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym>server software, <b class="APPLICATION">ftpd</b>, in the base system. This makes settingup and administering an <acronym title="File Transfer Protocol"class="ACRONYM">FTP</acronym> server on FreeBSD very straightforward.</p></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN34916" name="AEN34916">23.8.2. Configuration</a></h2><p>The most important configuration step is deciding which accounts will be allowedaccess to the FTP server. A normal FreeBSD system has a number of system accounts usedfor various daemons, but unknown users should not be allowed to log in with theseaccounts. The <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpusers</tt> file is a list of users disallowedany FTP access. By default, it includes the aforementioned system accounts, but it ispossible to add specific users here that should not be allowed access to FTP.</p><p>You may want to restrict the access of some users without preventing them completelyfrom using FTP. This can be accomplished with the <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/ftpchroot</tt> file. This file lists users and groups subject toFTP access restrictions. The <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">ftpchroot</span>(5)</span> manual page has all of the details so itwill not be described in detail here.</p><p>If you would like to enable anonymous FTP access to your server, then you must createa user named <tt class="USERNAME">ftp</tt> on your FreeBSD system. Users will then beable to log on to your FTP server with a username of <tt class="USERNAME">ftp</tt> or <ttclass="USERNAME">anonymous</tt> and with any password (by convention an email address forthe user should be used as the password). The FTP server will call <spanclass="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">chroot</span>(2)</span> when ananonymous user logs in, to restrict access to only the home directory of the <ttclass="USERNAME">ftp</tt> user.</p><p>There are two text files that specify welcome messages to be displayed to FTP clients.The contents of the file <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpwelcome</tt> will be displayed tousers before they reach the login prompt. After a successful login, the contents of thefile <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/ftpmotd</tt> will be displayed. Note that the path to thisfile is relative to the login environment, so the file <ttclass="FILENAME">~ftp/etc/ftpmotd</tt> would be displayed for anonymous users.</p><p>Once the FTP server has been configured properly, it must be enabled in <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/inetd.conf</tt>. All that is required here is to remove the commentsymbol ``#'' from in front of the existing <b class="APPLICATION">ftpd</b> line :</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l</pre><p>As explained in <a href="network-inetd.html#NETWORK-INETD-HANGUP">例子 23-1</a>, aHangUP Signal must be sent to <b class="APPLICATION">inetd</b> after this configurationfile is changed.</p><p>You can now log on to your FTP server by typing:</p><pre class="SCREEN"><samp class="PROMPT">%</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp localhost</kbd></pre></div><div class="SECT2"><h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN34949" name="AEN34949">23.8.3. Maintaining</a></h2><p>The <b class="APPLICATION">ftpd</b> daemon uses <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><spanclass="REFENTRYTITLE">syslog</span>(3)</span> to log messages. By default, the system logdaemon will put messages related to FTP in the <tt class="FILENAME">/var/log/xferlog</tt>file. The location of the FTP log can be modified by changing the following line in <ttclass="FILENAME">/etc/syslog.conf</tt>:</p><pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">ftp.info /var/log/xferlog</pre><p>Be aware of the potential problems involved with running an anonymous FTP server. Inparticular, you should think twice about allowing anonymous users to upload files. Youmay find that your FTP site becomes a forum for the trade of unlicensed commercialsoftware or worse. If you do need to allow anonymous FTP uploads, then you should set upthe permissions so that these files can not be read by other anonymous users until theyhave been reviewed.</p></div></div><div class="NAVFOOTER"><hr align="LEFT" width="100%" /><table summary="Footer navigation table" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="0"><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top"><a href="network-apache.html"accesskey="P">后退</a></td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="index.html"accesskey="H">起點(diǎn)</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top"><a href="network-samba.html"accesskey="N">前進(jìn)</a></td></tr><tr><td width="33%" align="left" valign="top">Apache HTTP Server</td><td width="34%" align="center" valign="top"><a href="network-servers.html"accesskey="U">上一級</a></td><td width="33%" align="right" valign="top">File and Print Services for <spanclass="TRADEMARK">Microsoft</span>® <span class="TRADEMARK">Windows</span>®clients (Samba)</td></tr></table></div></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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