?? 施工放樣方法.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">常用的施工放樣方法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.1 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">極坐標(biāo)法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">極坐標(biāo)法放樣的數(shù)據(jù)是放樣點(diǎn)到極點(diǎn)的距離（極距）以及該放樣點(diǎn)與極點(diǎn)連線方向和極軸間的夾角（<SPAN
class=GramE>極</SPAN>角）。如下圖中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">57</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">33</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">39</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒和</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv
w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False"
SourceValue="57.303" UnitName="m"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">57.303m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 68.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 coordsize =
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<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 68.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圖</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>1-1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">極坐標(biāo)法放樣</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">距離和夾角的計(jì)算由下列式子求得：</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><SPAN
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</SPAN><SPAN style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 8pt; mso-text-raise: -8.0pt"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 8pt; mso-text-raise: -8.0pt"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.75"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">極坐標(biāo)法適用于放樣點(diǎn)離控制點(diǎn)較近（一般不超過</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv
w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False"
SourceValue="100" UnitName="m"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">100m</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）而且<SPAN
class=GramE>便于量距的</SPAN>地方。當(dāng)采用電磁波測距儀測量極距時，放樣點(diǎn)到控制點(diǎn)的距離可以適當(dāng)增長，作業(yè)更為靈活方便。工業(yè)建設(shè)場地廠房之間的管線<SPAN
class=GramE>放樣常</SPAN>采用極坐標(biāo)法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.2 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐標(biāo)法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐標(biāo)法放樣是根據(jù)一條與坐標(biāo)軸平行的控制線進(jìn)行的。先沿著控制線量出放樣點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)，然后在該點(diǎn)沿垂直于控制線的方向放樣出該點(diǎn)的縱坐標(biāo)。這種方法只需要量距和測設(shè)直角，工作比較簡單。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 32.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 3.07"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=_x0000_i1029
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src="施工放樣方法.files/image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"><![endif]></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圖</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US>1-2 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐標(biāo)法放樣</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如在上圖中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，……，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">6</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等點(diǎn)為</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">10 kV</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">母線通廓中心線上的點(diǎn)，其坐標(biāo)均由設(shè)計(jì)人員給出。由圖可見，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">6</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">號點(diǎn)靠近矩形控制網(wǎng)的</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">N1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—冷</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">5</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">邊，故可以根據(jù)此邊上的距離指標(biāo)樁</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">119</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，利用直角坐標(biāo)法進(jìn)行放樣。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">直角坐標(biāo)法特別適用于放樣靠近矩形控制網(wǎng)的并<SPAN
class=GramE>便于量距的</SPAN>建筑物。因矩形控制網(wǎng)的坐標(biāo)與施工坐標(biāo)是同一坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)，并與建筑物的軸線平行或垂直，所以應(yīng)用直角坐標(biāo)法放樣時計(jì)算簡單、測設(shè)方便。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">1.3 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前方交會法</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前方交會定點(diǎn)的測量過程中，其觀測</SPAN><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元素是在已知點(diǎn)上測定交會角度及已知點(diǎn)</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到待放樣點(diǎn)的距離。這時其放樣元素可由已知點(diǎn)</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">B</SPAN><SPAN
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