?? 施工放樣方法.htm
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和待放樣點</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">P</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的設計坐</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">標按下述</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公式計算求得：</SPAN><SPAN
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style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 250%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 250%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">§<SPAN
lang=EN-US>2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN>曲線放樣理論<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曲線測設是工程建筑物放樣的組成部分之一，鐵路等線路總是不斷從一個方向轉到另外一個方向。這個時候，為了使車輛平穩，安全地運行，必須用曲線連接。這種在平面內連接不同線路方向的曲線，稱為平面曲線。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鐵路平面曲線按其半徑的不同分為圓曲線和緩和曲線。圓曲線上任意一點的曲率半徑處處相等；緩和曲線上任意一點的曲率半徑處處在變化。當緩和曲線作為直線與圓曲線之間的<SPAN
class=GramE>介</SPAN>曲線時，其半徑變化范圍自無窮大到圓曲線半徑；若用于連接半徑為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R1</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的圓曲線時，緩和曲線的半徑便自</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R1 </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">向</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R2</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">過渡。一般的地方支線及廠、礦專用線可只用圓曲線連接；鐵路干線上的圓曲線兩端都要用緩和曲線與直線相連。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">2.1 </SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">單圓曲線的測設</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">單圓曲線簡稱圓曲線。圓曲線測設通常分兩步進行。首先測設曲線上起控制作用的點子，稱為主要點測設；然后根據主要點加密曲線其他點子，稱為曲線詳</SPAN><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">細測設。在實施測設之前，必須進行曲線要素及重要點的里程計算。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">①</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圓曲線要素及其計算</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; MARGIN-RIGHT: 71.2pt; mso-para-margin-right: 6.78gd"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如左，圓曲線的半徑</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、偏角（即線路轉向角）</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">α、切線長</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">T</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、曲線長</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">L</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、外<SPAN
class=GramE>矢</SPAN>距</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">E</SPAN><SPAN class=GramE><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及切曲差</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">q</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（又叫校正數或超距），稱為曲線要素。其中，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">R</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">α均為已知數據。<SPAN
lang=EN-US>R</SPAN>是在設計中按線路等級及地形條件等因素選定的；α是線路定測時測出的。其余要素可按下列關系式計算得出：<SPAN
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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