if (nim->tuner.cx24108.vcodiv == HAMARO_VCODIV4)  start_pt = HAMARO_CX24108_START_DIV4;

  /* step through each VCO, examine for a valid VCO edge, if edge is not valid, generate a warning */
  for (j = 0 ; j < HAMARO_CX24108_VCOEDGES ; j++)
  {
    unsigned long  Fl = nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[j].lower;
    unsigned long  Fh = nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[j].upperthresh;

    if (Fl <= HAMARO_MAX_TUNER_VCOERROR || Fh <= HAMARO_MAX_TUNER_VCOERROR)
    {
      /* an invalid VCO edge was detected, flag as warning, then continue */
      HAMARO_DRIVER_SET_ERROR(nim,HAMARO_TUNERVCO);
    }
  }

  /* match Fr to vco edges, using high and low breakpoints, not actual edges */
  for (j = start_pt ; j < HAMARO_CX24108_VCOEDGES ; j++)
  {
    /* find a VCO by looking into 1/2 .. 8/2, then 8/4, 8/4, 6/4 vcos */
    i = _vcosearchorder[j];  /* remove this line if vco search s/b 1/2..8/2,6/4..8/4 */

    if (_HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_range(nim,Fr,i) == True)
    {
      int  idx;

      /* grab vcoset, vcodiv, return to caller */
      *vcono = (HAMARO_VCONO)(_vcono[i]+1);           /* returns VCO number before divider is set */
      *vcoset = _vcoset[i];                    /* returns actual VCOSET enum value */
      *vcodiv = _vcodiv[i];                    /* vco divider */
      *bandbin = _bandbin[i];                  /* band sel prog'd directly to cx24108 */
      *vcodivbin = (unsigned int)_vcodivbin[*vcodiv];  /* vcodiv prog'd directly to cx24108 */
      *tunpll = 0UL;

      /* compute current vco length */
      vco_len = nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i].upperthresh - nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i].lower;
     
      /* set cpc default current to mid level */
      nim->tuner.cx24108.CPCCurrent = (int)nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.CPC[_vcono[*vcoset]].mid;

      /* is fr in lower percentage area (defined by tunerparms.low percentage)? */
      if (Fr < (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i].lower+
         ((vco_len/100UL)*nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.CPC[_vcono[*vcoset]].LowPercentage)))
      {
        nim->tuner.cx24108.CPCCurrent = (int)nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.CPC[_vcono[*vcoset]].low;
      }
      else
      {
        if (Fr >= (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i].lower+
           ((vco_len/100UL)*nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.CPC[_vcono[*vcoset]].HighPercentage)))
        {
          nim->tuner.cx24108.CPCCurrent = (int)nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.CPC[_vcono[*vcoset]].high;
        }
      }

      /* save tuner slope data into rosie (current settings) */
      idx = 0;
      srm = HAMARO_MM;
      if (nim->symbol_rate < HAMARO_MM)  srm = HAMARO_M;  
      if (nim->symbol_rate >= (1UL*srm) && nim->symbol_rate <= (5UL*srm))  idx = HAMARO_CX24108_MSPS_1_TO_5;
      else  if (nim->symbol_rate >= (5UL*srm) && nim->symbol_rate <= (15UL*srm))  idx = HAMARO_CX24108_MSPS_5_TO_15;
      else  if (nim->symbol_rate >= (15UL*srm) && nim->symbol_rate <= (45UL*srm))  idx = HAMARO_CX24108_MSPS_15_TO_45;
      
      nim->tuner.cx24108.VCASlope = nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.SLP[idx].VCASlope;
      nim->tuner.cx24108.VCAOffset = nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.SLP[idx].VCAOffset;
      nim->tuner.cx24108.VGA1Offset = nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.SLP[idx].VGA1Offset;
      nim->tuner.cx24108.VGA2Offset = nim->tuner.cx24108.tunerparms.SLP[idx].VGA2Offset;
      return(True);
    }
  }

  /* this error number is set if a valid freq can not be found within the present VCO edges. */
  /* (default VCO edges might have been used) */
  HAMARO_DRIVER_SET_ERROR(nim,HAMARO_TUNERVCO);
  return(False);

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_band_info() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_range() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
BOOL           _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_range(       /* function to test if Freq. requested is within vcoidx bounds */
HAMARO_NIM            *nim,                           /* pointer to nim */
unsigned long  Fr,                             /* frequency requested */
int            vcoidx)                         /* vco index */
{
  unsigned long  Ft;           /* Freq-test */
  unsigned long  Fl = nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[vcoidx].lower;
  unsigned long  Fh = nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[vcoidx].upperthresh;

  if (Fr >= Fl && Fr <= Fh)
  {
    /* test Fr against valid low range */
    Ft = _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_low(nim,vcoidx);
    if (Fr < Ft)  return(False);
    
    Ft = _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_high(nim,vcoidx);
    if (Fr > Ft)  return(False);
    return(True);
  }

  return(False);

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_range() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_low() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
unsigned long  _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_low( /* function to return Fr low range based on vcoidx */
HAMARO_NIM            *nim,                   /* pointer to nim */
int            vcoidx)                 /* vco index */
{
  if (vcoidx >= 0)
  {
    switch(vcoidx)
    {
      case  0:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[HAMARO_CX24108_BPCNT-1].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  1:
      case  2:
      case  3:
      case  4:
      case  5:
      case  6:
      case  7:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[vcoidx-1].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  8:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[vcoidx].lower);
        break;
      }
      case  9:
      {
        /* no other BP's to test, so return lowest freq tested */
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[7].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  10:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[8].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      default:
      {
        break;
      }
    }  /* switch(... */
  }

  return(0UL);

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_vco_low() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_high() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
unsigned long  _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_vco_high(/* function to return Fr high range based on vcoidx */
HAMARO_NIM            *nim,                   /* pointer to nim */
int            vcoidx)                 /* vco index */
{
  if (vcoidx >= 0)
  {
    switch(vcoidx)
    {
      case  0:
      case  1:
      case  2:
      case  3:
      case  4:
      case  5:
      case  6:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[vcoidx].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  7:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[vcoidx].upperthresh);
        break;
      }
      case  8:
      {
        /* (CR 7452) should return the current break pt. */
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[7].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  9:
      {
        /* no other BP's to test, so return lowest freq tested */
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[8].breakpt);
        break;
      }
      case  10:
      {
        return(nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[vcoidx].upperthresh);
        break;
      }
      default:
      {
        break;
      }
    }  /* switch(... */
  }

  return(0UL);

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_vco_high() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_calc_bp() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
void    _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_calc_bp(       /* calculates breakpoint values for nim's vco's */
HAMARO_NIM     *nim)                         /* pointer to nim */
{
  int    i;

  unsigned long   ulTemp;
  unsigned long   ulTemp2;
  long   diff;
  long   bp;

  /* build breakpoints for vcos: (1/2;2/3;3/4;4/5;5/6;6/7;7/8 )div2 -- count 7 */
  for (i = 0 ; i < 7 ; i++)
  {
    ulTemp =  (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i].upperthresh/1000UL);
    ulTemp2 =  (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i+1].lower/1000UL);
    diff = ulTemp - ulTemp2;
    bp = (diff * (long)nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].percentage) / 100L;

    nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt = ((unsigned long)bp * 1000UL);
    nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt += nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i+1].lower;
  }

  /* use 6/D2 breakpoint div by two, for D/4 breakpoint */
  i = 7;
  nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt = (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[5].breakpt/2UL);

  /* use 7/D2 breakpoint div by two, for D/4 breakpoint */
  i = 8;
  nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt = (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[6].breakpt/2UL);

  /* manually build breakpoint for vco 8/0 div4 -- count 1 */
  i = HAMARO_CX24108_BPCNT-1;

  ulTemp =  (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[i+1].upperthresh/1000UL);
  ulTemp2 =  (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[0].lower/1000UL); 
  if (ulTemp2 < (unsigned long)(1075UL*HAMARO_M))  ulTemp2 = (unsigned long)(1075UL*HAMARO_M);
  diff = ulTemp - ulTemp2;
  bp = (diff * (long)nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].percentage) / 100L;

  nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt = ((unsigned long)bp * 1000UL);
  nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_bp[i].breakpt += (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[0].lower);

  return;

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_calc_bp() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_adjust() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
void  _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_adjust(           /* adjusts VCO table, disallows vco below 2150 MHz */
HAMARO_NIM   *nim)                            /* nim pointer */
{
  if (nim == (HAMARO_NIM*)NULL)  return;

  /* adjust lower edge of vco 0 -- disallow use of this vco if freq is below 1075 */
  /* REMOVED per CR 7878 */
  /* if (nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[0].lower < (unsigned long)(1075UL*HAMARO_MM))  */
  /* nim->tuner.cx24108.vco_edge[0].lower = (unsigned long)(1075UL*HAMARO_MM);  */

  return;

}  /* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_adjust() */


/*******************************************************************************************************/
/* _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_hardware_vcoedges() */
/*******************************************************************************************************/
BOOL  _HAMARO_TUNER_CX24108_hardware_vcoedges(/* calculates vco edges via binary search algorithm */
HAMARO_NIM   *nim)                            /* pointer to nim */
{
  int     vcoidx;
  int     CPCCurrent;
  unsigned long   low_edge;
  unsigned long   high_edge;
  unsigned long   first_edge;    /* returned from low edge detection */

  /* set the default settings */