#ifndef _MATRIX_H
#define _MATRIX_H

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;


//矩陣類的定義

template<class T> class Mtx
{
private:
	int nrows;            //行數
	int ncols;            //列數
	T** ets;         //矩陣元素
public:
	//Mtx(int n, int m, T**);     //構造函數(n乘m)
	Mtx(int n, int m, T d = 0); //所有元素等于d
	//Mtx(const Mtx &);                //拷貝構造函數
	~Mtx();                          //析構函數	
	
 	//Mtx& operator=(const Mtx&);      //重載=
	//Mtx& operator+=(const Mtx&);     //重載+=
	//Mtx& operator-=(const Mtx&);     //重載-=
	//Vtr operator*(const Vtr&) const; //矩陣－向量乘法
	//T* operator[](int i) const{ return ets[i]; }
					 //下標，i行j列元素是[i][j]
	T& operator()(int i, int j){ return ets[i][j]; }
	T& operator()(int i, int j) const { return ets[i][j]; }
					 //下標，i行j列的元素是(i,j)

	//template<class S> friend Mtx<S> operator+(const Mtx<S>&);          //一元+
	//template<class S> friend Mtx<S> operator+(const Mtx<S>&, const Mtx<S>&); //二元+
	//template<class S> friend Mtx<S> operator-(const Mtx<S>&);            //一元-
	//template<class S> friend Mtx<S> operator-(const Mtx<S>&, const Mtx<S>&); //二元-
	//template<class S> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Mtx<S>&); //輸出運算符 
	
	//template<class S> friend Mtx<S> turn(const Mtx<S>&);    //矩陣轉置 
};

inline void error(char* v)       // 輔助函數
{
	cout << v << "\n  ...program exited\n\n\n\n";
	system("pause");
	exit(1);            // 包括<stdlib.h>
}

template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& s, const Mtx<T>& t)
{
	s << "\n  nrows = " << t.nrows << "\tncols = " << t.ncols << endl;
 	for(int i = 0; i < t.nrows; i++)
	{
		for(int j = 0; j < t.ncols; j++)
  			s << t(i, j) << "\t";
     		s << "\n\n";	
	}
	return s;
}
/*
template<class T> Mtx<T>::Mtx(int n, int m, T** dbp)
{
	nrows = n;
	ncols = m;
	ets = new T* [nrows];
	for(int i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
	{
		ets[i] = new T [ncols];
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++) ets[i][j] = dbp[i][j];
	}
}
*/
template<class T> Mtx<T>::Mtx(int n, int m, T a)
{
	ets = new T* [nrows = n];
	ncols = m;
	for(int i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
	{
		ets[i] = new T [ncols];
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++) ets[i][j] = a;
	}
}
/*
template<class T> Mtx<T>::Mtx(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	ets = new T* [nrows = mat.nrows];
	ncols = mat.ncols;
	ets = new T* [nrows];
	for(int i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
	{
		ets[i] = new T [ncols];
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++) ets[i][j] = mat[i][j];
	}
}
*/
template<class T> inline  Mtx<T>::~Mtx()
{
	for(int i = 0; i < nrows; i++) delete[] ets[i];
	delete[] ets;
}

/*
template<class T> Mtx<T>& Mtx<T>::operator=(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	if(this != &mat)
	{
		if(nrows != mat.nrows || ncols != mat.ncols)
			error("bad natrix sizes");
		for(int i = 0;i < nrows; i++)
			for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++)
				ets[i][j] = mat[i][j];
	}
	return *this;
}

template<class T> Mtx<T>& Mtx<T>::operator+=(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	if(nrows != mat.nrows || ncols != mat.ncols)
		error("bad natrix sizes");
	for(int i = 0;i < nrows; i++)
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++)
			ets[i][j] += mat[i][j];
	return *this;
}

template<class T> Mtx<T>& Mtx<T>::operator-=(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	if(nrows != mat.nrows || ncols != mat.ncols)
		error("bad natrix sizes");
	for(int i = 0;i < nrows; i++)
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++)
			ets[i][j] -= mat[i][j];
	return *this;
}

template<class T> inline Mtx<T> operator+(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	return mat;
}

template<class T> inline Mtx<T> operator-(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	return Mtx<T>(mat.nrows, mat.ncols) - mat;
}

template<class T> Mtx<T> operator+(const Mtx<T>& m1, const Mtx<T>& m2)
{
	if(m1.nrows != m2.nrows || m1.ncols != m2.ncols)
		error("bad matrix sizes");
	Mtx<T> sum = m1;
	sum += m2;
	return sum;
}

template<class T> Mtx<T> operator-(const Mtx<T>& m1, const Mtx<T>& m2)
{
	if(m1.nrows != m2.nrows || m1.ncols != m2.ncols)
		error("bad matrix sizes");
	Mtx<T> sum = m1;
	sum -= m2;
	return sum;
}

Vtr Mtx::operator*(const Vtr& v) const
{
	if(ncols != v.size())
		error("matix and vector sizes do not match");
	Vtr tm(nrows);
	for(int i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
		for(int j = 0; j < ncols; j++)
			tm[i] += ets[i][j]*v[j];
	return tm;
}

template<class T> Mtx<T> turn(const Mtx<T>& mat)
{
	Mtx<T> m1(mat.ncols, mat.nrows);
	for(int i = 0; i < m1.nrows; i++)
		for(int j = 0; j < m1.ncols; j++)
			m1.ets[i][j] = mat.ets[j][i];
	return m1;
}
*/

#endif