if(isalpha(string[i]))
            {
                if(isupper(string[i]))
                    result = (result<<4) + string[i] - 'A' + 10;
                else
                    result = (result<<4) + string[i] - 'a' + 10;
            }
            else
                result = (result<<4) + string[i] - '0';
        }
        result = minus ? (-1*result):result;
    }
    return result;
}

//*****************************************************************************
//get a number for the uart
//*****************************************************************************
int Uart_GetIntNum_GJ(void)
{
    char string[16] ;
    char *p_string = string ;
    char c;
    int i = 0 ;
    int data = 0 ;

    while(   ( c = Uart_Getch()) != '\r'  )
    {
		if(c=='\b')		p_string--;
		else		*p_string++=c;
		
		Uart_SendByte( c ) ;
    }

    *p_string = '\0';

	i = 0 ;
	while( string[i] != '\0' )
	{
		data = data * 10 ;
		if( string[i]<'0'||string[i]>'9' )
			return -1 ;
		data = data + ( string[i]-'0' ) ;
		i++ ;		
	}	
	
	return data ;
}
//*****************************************************************************

//=====================================================================
void Uart_SendByte(int data)
{
    if(whichUart==0)
    {
        if(data=='\n')
        {
            while(!(rUTRSTAT0 & 0x2));
           // Delay(1);                 //because the slow response of hyper_terminal 
            WrUTXH0('\r');
        }
        while(!(rUTRSTAT0 & 0x2));   //Wait until THR is empty.
      //  Delay(1);
        WrUTXH0(data);
    }
    else if(whichUart==1)
    {
        if(data=='\n')
        {
            while(!(rUTRSTAT1 & 0x2));
            //Delay(1);                 //because the slow response of hyper_terminal 
            rUTXH1 = '\r';
        }
        while(!(rUTRSTAT1 & 0x2));   //Wait until THR is empty.
        //Delay(1);
        rUTXH1 = data;
    }   
    else if(whichUart==2)
    {
        if(data=='\n')
        {
            while(!(rUTRSTAT2 & 0x2));
            //Delay(1);                 //because the slow response of hyper_terminal 
            rUTXH2 = '\r';
        }
        while(!(rUTRSTAT2 & 0x2));   //Wait until THR is empty.
        //Delay(1);
        rUTXH2 = data;
    }       
}               

//====================================================================
void Uart_SendString(char *pt)
{
    while(*pt)
        Uart_SendByte(*pt++);
}

//=====================================================================
//If you don't use vsprintf(), the code size is reduced very much.
void Uart_Printf(char *fmt,...)
{
    va_list ap;
    char string[256];

    va_start(ap,fmt);
    vsprintf(string,fmt,ap);
    Uart_SendString(string);
    va_end(ap);
}


//**************************[ BOARD LED ]*********************************
void Led_Display(int data)
{
          //Active is low.(LED On)
          // GPF7  GPF6   GPF5   GPF4
          //nLED_8 nLED4 nLED_2 nLED_1
//    rGPFDAT = (rGPFDAT & 0xf) | !((data & 0xf)<<4);
    rGPFDAT = (rGPFDAT & ~(0xf<<4)) | ((~data & 0xf)<<4);    
}

//********************** BOARD LCD backlight ]****************************
void LcdBkLtSet(U32 HiRatio)
{
#define FREQ_PWM1		1000

	if(!HiRatio)
	{
		rGPBCON  = rGPBCON & (~(3<<2)) | (1<<2) ;	//GPB1設(shè)置為output
		rGPBDAT &= ~(1<<1);
		return;
	}
	rGPBCON = rGPBCON & (~(3<<2)) | (2<<2) ;		//GPB1設(shè)置為TOUT1
	
	if( HiRatio > 100 )
		HiRatio = 100 ;	
	
	rTCON = rTCON & (~(0xf<<8)) ;			// clear manual update bit, stop Timer1

	rTCFG0 	&= 0xffffff00;					// set Timer 0&1 prescaler 0
	rTCFG0 |= 15;							//prescaler = 15+1

	rTCFG1 	&= 0xffffff0f;					// set Timer 1 MUX 1/16
	rTCFG1  |= 0x00000030;					// set Timer 1 MUX 1/16

	rTCNTB1	 = ( 100000000>>8 )/FREQ_PWM1;		//if set inverter off, when TCNT2<=TCMP2, TOUT is high, TCNT2>TCMP2, TOUT is low
	rTCMPB1  = ( rTCNTB1*(100-HiRatio))/100 ;	//if set inverter on,  when TCNT2<=TCMP2, TOUT is low,  TCNT2>TCMP2, TOUT is high

	rTCON = rTCON & (~(0xf<<8)) | (0x0e<<8) ;
	//自動(dòng)重裝,輸出取反關(guān)閉,更新TCNTBn、TCMPBn,死區(qū)控制器關(guān)閉
	rTCON = rTCON & (~(0xf<<8)) | (0x0d<<8) ;		//開啟背光控制
}

/****************************************************************************
【功能說明】LCD背光亮度控制，PWM控制占空比
****************************************************************************/
void LCD_BackLight_Control( void )
{
	U8 HiRatio = 50 ;		
   	Uart_Printf( "\nNOTE : ONLY SOME type LCD kit  SUPPORT backlight adjust!!!\n" ) ;

   	Uart_Printf( "Press +/- to increase/reduce the light of LCD !\n" ) ;
	Uart_Printf( "Press 'ESC' to Exit this test program !\n\n" );
	
	LcdBkLtSet( HiRatio ) ;

    while( 1 )
    {
		U8 key = Uart_Getch();

		if( key == '+' )
		{
			if( HiRatio < 100 )
				HiRatio += 1 ;
		}
		
		if( key == '-' )
		{
			if( HiRatio > 1 )
				HiRatio -= 1 ;
		}
		
		if( key == ESC_KEY ) break ;
		
		LcdBkLtSet( HiRatio ) ;
		Uart_Printf( "LCD backlight HiRatio %d\n", HiRatio ) ;
	}

}

//*************************[ Timer ]********************************
void Timer_Start(int divider)  //0:16us,1:32us 2:64us 3:128us
{
    rWTCON = ((PCLK/1000000-1)<<8)|(divider<<3);  //Watch-dog timer control register
    rWTDAT = 0xffff;  //Watch-dog timer data register
    rWTCNT = 0xffff;  //Watch-dog count register

      // Watch-dog timer enable & interrupt  disable
    rWTCON = (rWTCON & ~(1<<5) & ~(1<<2)) |(1<<5);
}

//=================================================================
int Timer_Stop(void)
{
    rWTCON = ((PCLK/1000000-1)<<8);
    return (0xffff - rWTCNT);
}


//*************************[ MPLL ]*******************************
void ChangeMPllValue(int mdiv,int pdiv,int sdiv)
{
    rMPLLCON = (mdiv<<12) | (pdiv<<4) | sdiv;
}


//************************[ HCLK, PCLK ]***************************
/*
// for 2410.
void ChangeClockDivider(int hdivn,int pdivn)
{
     // hdivn,pdivn FCLK:HCLK:PCLK
     //     0,0         1:1:1 
     //     0,1         1:1:2 
     //     1,0         1:2:2
     //     1,1         1:2:4
    rCLKDIVN = (hdivn<<1) | pdivn;    

    if(hdivn)
        MMU_SetAsyncBusMode();
    else 
        MMU_SetFastBusMode();
}
*/
// Modified for 2440.
void ChangeClockDivider(int hdivn_val,int pdivn_val)
{
	int hdivn=2, pdivn=0;
	
     // hdivn_val (FCLK:HCLK)ratio hdivn
     // 11           1:1       (0)
     // 12           1:2       (1)
     // 13           1:3       (3) 
     // 14           1:4       (2)
     // pdivn_val (HCLK:PCLK)ratio pdivn
     // 11           1:1       (0)
     // 12           1:2       (1)
	switch(hdivn_val) {
		case 11: hdivn=0; break;
		case 12: hdivn=1; break;
		case 13:
		case 16: hdivn=3; break;
		case 14: 
		case 18: hdivn=2; break;
	}
	
	switch(pdivn_val) {
		case 11: pdivn=0; break;
		case 12: pdivn=1; break;
	}
	
	//Uart_Printf("Clock division change [hdiv:%x, pdiv:%x]\n", hdivn, pdivn);
	rCLKDIVN = (hdivn<<1) | pdivn;

	switch(hdivn_val) {
		case 16:		// when 1, HCLK=FCLK/8.
			rCAMDIVN = (rCAMDIVN & ~(3<<8)) | (1<<8); 
		break; 
		case 18: 	// when 1, HCLK=FCLK/6.
			rCAMDIVN = (rCAMDIVN & ~(3<<8)) | (1<<9); 
		break;
	}
	
    if(hdivn!=0)
        MMU_SetAsyncBusMode();
    else 
        MMU_SetFastBusMode();
}



//**************************[ UPLL ]*******************************
void ChangeUPllValue(int mdiv,int pdiv,int sdiv)
{
    rUPLLCON = (mdiv<<12) | (pdiv<<4) | sdiv;
}


//*************************[ General Library ]**********************
void * malloc(unsigned nbyte) 
//Very simple; Use malloc() & free() like Stack
//void *mallocPt=Image$$RW$$Limit;
{
    void *returnPt = mallocPt;

    mallocPt = (int *)mallocPt+nbyte/4+((nbyte%4)>0); //To align 4byte

    if( (int)mallocPt > HEAPEND )
    {
        mallocPt = returnPt;
        return NULL;
    }
    return returnPt;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------
void free(void *pt)
{
    mallocPt = pt;
}