{        $pairs = array();        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {            if (is_array($value)) {                $pairs[] = urlencode($value[0])."=".urlencode($value[1]);            } else {                $pairs[] = urlencode($key)."=".urlencode($value);            }        }        return implode("&", $pairs);    }    /**     * "Appends" query arguments onto a URL.  The URL may or may not     * already have arguments (following a question mark).     *     * @access private     * @param string $url A URL, which may or may not already have     * arguments.     * @param array $args Either an array key/value pairs or an array of     * arrays, each of which holding two values: a key and a value,     * sequentially.  If $args is an ordinary key/value array, the     * parameters will be added to the URL in sorted alphabetical order;     * if $args is an array of arrays, their order will be preserved.     * @return string $url The original URL with the new parameters added.     *     */    function appendArgs($url, $args)    {        if (count($args) == 0) {            return $url;        }        // Non-empty array; if it is an array of arrays, use        // multisort; otherwise use sort.        if (array_key_exists(0, $args) &&            is_array($args[0])) {            // Do nothing here.        } else {            $keys = array_keys($args);            sort($keys);            $new_args = array();            foreach ($keys as $key) {                $new_args[] = array($key, $args[$key]);            }            $args = $new_args;        }        $sep = '?';        if (strpos($url, '?') !== false) {            $sep = '&';        }        return $url . $sep . Auth_OpenID::httpBuildQuery($args);    }    /**     * Turn a string into an ASCII string.     *     * Replace non-ascii characters with a %-encoded, UTF-8     * encoding. This function will fail if the input is a string and     * there are non-7-bit-safe characters. It is assumed that the     * caller will have already translated the input into a Unicode     * character sequence, according to the encoding of the HTTP POST     * or GET.     *     * Do not escape anything that is already 7-bit safe, so we do the     * minimal transform on the identity URL     *     * @access private     */    function quoteMinimal($s)    {        $res = array();        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {            $c = $s[$i];            if ($c >= "\x80") {                for ($j = 0; $j < count(utf8_encode($c)); $j++) {                    array_push($res, sprintf("%02X", ord($c[$j])));                }            } else {                array_push($res, $c);            }        }            return implode('', $res);    }    /**     * Implements python's urlunparse, which is not available in PHP.     * Given the specified components of a URL, this function rebuilds     * and returns the URL.     *     * @access private     * @param string $scheme The scheme (e.g. 'http').  Defaults to 'http'.     * @param string $host The host.  Required.     * @param string $port The port.     * @param string $path The path.     * @param string $query The query.     * @param string $fragment The fragment.     * @return string $url The URL resulting from assembling the     * specified components.     */    function urlunparse($scheme, $host, $port = null, $path = '/',                        $query = '', $fragment = '')    {        if (!$scheme) {            $scheme = 'http';        }        if (!$host) {            return false;        }        if (!$path) {            $path = '';        }        $result = $scheme . "://" . $host;        if ($port) {            $result .= ":" . $port;        }        $result .= $path;        if ($query) {            $result .= "?" . $query;        }        if ($fragment) {            $result .= "#" . $fragment;        }        return $result;    }    /**     * Given a URL, this "normalizes" it by adding a trailing slash     * and / or a leading http:// scheme where necessary.  Returns     * null if the original URL is malformed and cannot be normalized.     *     * @access private     * @param string $url The URL to be normalized.     * @return mixed $new_url The URL after normalization, or null if     * $url was malformed.     */    function normalizeUrl($url)    {        if ($url === null) {            return null;        }        assert(is_string($url));        $old_url = $url;        $url = trim($url);        if (strpos($url, "://") === false) {            $url = "http://" . $url;        }        $parsed = @parse_url($url);        if ($parsed === false) {            return null;        }        $defaults = array(                          'scheme' => '',                          'host' => '',                          'path' => '',                          'query' => '',                          'fragment' => '',                          'port' => ''                          );        $parsed = array_merge($defaults, $parsed);        if (($parsed['scheme'] == '') ||            ($parsed['host'] == '')) {            if ($parsed['path'] == '' &&                $parsed['query'] == '') {                return null;            }            $url = 'http://' + $url;            $parsed = parse_url($url);            $parsed = array_merge($defaults, $parsed);        }        $tail = array_map(array('Auth_OpenID', 'quoteMinimal'),                          array($parsed['path'],                                $parsed['query']));        if ($tail[0] == '') {            $tail[0] = '/';        }        $url = Auth_OpenID::urlunparse($parsed['scheme'], $parsed['host'],                                       $parsed['port'], $tail[0], $tail[1]);        assert(is_string($url));        return $url;    }    /**     * Replacement (wrapper) for PHP's intval() because it's broken.     *     * @access private     */    function intval($value)    {        $re = "/^\\d+$/";        if (!preg_match($re, $value)) {            return false;        }        return intval($value);    }    /**     * Count the number of bytes in a string independently of     * multibyte support conditions.     *     * @param string $str The string of bytes to count.     * @return int The number of bytes in $str.     */    function bytes($str)    {        return strlen(bin2hex($str)) / 2;    }    /**     * Get the bytes in a string independently of multibyte support     * conditions.     */    function toBytes($str)    {        $hex = bin2hex($str);        if (!$hex) {            return array();        }        $b = array();        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($hex); $i += 2) {            $b[] = chr(base_convert(substr($hex, $i, 2), 16, 10));        }        return $b;    }    function urldefrag($url)    {        $parts = explode("#", $url, 2);        if (count($parts) == 1) {            return array($parts[0], "");        } else {            return $parts;        }    }    function filter($callback, &$sequence)    {        $result = array();        foreach ($sequence as $item) {            if (call_user_func_array($callback, array($item))) {                $result[] = $item;            }        }        return $result;    }    function update(&$dest, &$src)    {        foreach ($src as $k => $v) {            $dest[$k] = $v;        }    }}?>