fp = fopen( filename, "ab" );
    assert( fp != NULL );
    for (kk=0; kk<num_spare_pics; kk++)
    {
      for (i=0; i < img->height/16; i++)
        for (j=0; j < img->width/16; j++)
        {
          tmp=map[kk][i][j]==0? img->max_imgpel_value : 0;
          for (i0=0; i0<16; i0++)
            for (j0=0; j0<16; j0++)
              Y[i*16+i0][j*16+j0]=tmp;
        }

      // write the map image
      for (i=0; i < img->height; i++)
        for (j=0; j < img->width; j++)
          fwrite(&(Y[i][j]), symbol_size_in_bytes, 1, p_out);
        
      for (k=0; k < 2; k++)
        for (i=0; i < img->height/2; i++)
          for (j=0; j < img->width/2; j++)
            fwrite(&(img->dc_pred_value), symbol_size_in_bytes, 1, p_out);
    }
    fclose( fp );
    free_mem2Dnew( Y, sizeof(imgpel));
  }
  // end of writing map image
#undef WRITE_MAP_IMAGE
#endif

  free_mem3D( map, num_spare_pics );

  free(buf);
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the Sub-sequence information SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_subsequence_info( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  Bitstream* buf;
  int sub_seq_layer_num, sub_seq_id, first_ref_pic_flag, leading_non_ref_pic_flag, last_pic_flag, 
      sub_seq_frame_num_flag, sub_seq_frame_num;

  buf = malloc(sizeof(Bitstream));
  buf->bitstream_length = size;
  buf->streamBuffer = payload;
  buf->frame_bitoffset = 0;

  UsedBits = 0;

  sub_seq_layer_num        = ue_v("SEI: sub_seq_layer_num"       , buf);
  sub_seq_id               = ue_v("SEI: sub_seq_id"              , buf);
  first_ref_pic_flag       = u_1 ("SEI: first_ref_pic_flag"      , buf);
  leading_non_ref_pic_flag = u_1 ("SEI: leading_non_ref_pic_flag", buf);
  last_pic_flag            = u_1 ("SEI: last_pic_flag"           , buf);
  sub_seq_frame_num_flag   = u_1 ("SEI: sub_seq_frame_num_flag"  , buf);
  if (sub_seq_frame_num_flag)
  {
    sub_seq_frame_num        = ue_v("SEI: sub_seq_frame_num"       , buf);
  }

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_INFO
  printf("Sub-sequence information SEI message\n");
  printf("sub_seq_layer_num        = %d\n", sub_seq_layer_num );
  printf("sub_seq_id               = %d\n", sub_seq_id);
  printf("first_ref_pic_flag       = %d\n", first_ref_pic_flag);
  printf("leading_non_ref_pic_flag = %d\n", leading_non_ref_pic_flag);
  printf("last_pic_flag            = %d\n", last_pic_flag);
  printf("sub_seq_frame_num_flag   = %d\n", sub_seq_frame_num_flag);
  if (sub_seq_frame_num_flag)
  {
    printf("sub_seq_frame_num        = %d\n", sub_seq_frame_num);
  }
#endif

  free(buf);
#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_INFO
#undef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_INFO
#endif
}

/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the Sub-sequence layer characteristics SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_subsequence_layer_characteristics_info( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  Bitstream* buf;
  long num_sub_layers, accurate_statistics_flag, average_bit_rate, average_frame_rate;
  int i;

  buf = malloc(sizeof(Bitstream));
  buf->bitstream_length = size;
  buf->streamBuffer = payload;
  buf->frame_bitoffset = 0;

  UsedBits = 0;

  num_sub_layers = 1 + ue_v("SEI: num_sub_layers_minus1", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_LAYER_CHAR
  printf("Sub-sequence layer characteristics SEI message\n");
  printf("num_sub_layers_minus1 = %d\n", num_sub_layers - 1);
#endif

  for (i=0; i<num_sub_layers; i++)
  {
    accurate_statistics_flag = u_1(   "SEI: accurate_statistics_flag", buf);
    average_bit_rate         = u_v(16,"SEI: average_bit_rate"        , buf);
    average_frame_rate       = u_v(16,"SEI: average_frame_rate"      , buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_LAYER_CHAR
    printf("layer %d: accurate_statistics_flag = %ld \n", i, accurate_statistics_flag);
    printf("layer %d: average_bit_rate         = %ld \n", i, average_bit_rate);
    printf("layer %d: average_frame_rate       = %ld \n", i, average_frame_rate);
#endif
  }
  free (buf);
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the Sub-sequence characteristics SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_subsequence_characteristics_info( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  Bitstream* buf;
  int i;
  int sub_seq_layer_num, sub_seq_id, duration_flag, average_rate_flag, accurate_statistics_flag;
  unsigned long sub_seq_duration, average_bit_rate, average_frame_rate;
  int num_referenced_subseqs, ref_sub_seq_layer_num, ref_sub_seq_id, ref_sub_seq_direction;

  buf = malloc(sizeof(Bitstream));
  buf->bitstream_length = size;
  buf->streamBuffer = payload;
  buf->frame_bitoffset = 0;

  UsedBits = 0;

  sub_seq_layer_num = ue_v("SEI: sub_seq_layer_num", buf);
  sub_seq_id        = ue_v("SEI: sub_seq_id", buf);
  duration_flag     = u_1 ("SEI: duration_flag", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
  printf("Sub-sequence characteristics SEI message\n");
  printf("sub_seq_layer_num = %d\n", sub_seq_layer_num );
  printf("sub_seq_id        = %d\n", sub_seq_id);
  printf("duration_flag     = %d\n", duration_flag);
#endif

  if ( duration_flag )
  {
    sub_seq_duration = u_v (32, "SEI: duration_flag", buf);
#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
    printf("sub_seq_duration = %ld\n", sub_seq_duration);
#endif
  }

  average_rate_flag = u_1 ("SEI: average_rate_flag", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
  printf("average_rate_flag = %d\n", average_rate_flag);
#endif

  if ( average_rate_flag )
  {
    accurate_statistics_flag = u_1 (    "SEI: accurate_statistics_flag", buf);
    average_bit_rate         = u_v (16, "SEI: average_bit_rate", buf);
    average_frame_rate       = u_v (16, "SEI: average_frame_rate", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
    printf("accurate_statistics_flag = %d\n", accurate_statistics_flag);
    printf("average_bit_rate         = %ld\n", average_bit_rate);
    printf("average_frame_rate       = %ld\n", average_frame_rate);
#endif
  }

  num_referenced_subseqs  = ue_v("SEI: num_referenced_subseqs", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
  printf("num_referenced_subseqs = %d\n", num_referenced_subseqs);
#endif

  for (i=0; i<num_referenced_subseqs; i++)
  {
    ref_sub_seq_layer_num  = ue_v("SEI: ref_sub_seq_layer_num", buf);
    ref_sub_seq_id         = ue_v("SEI: ref_sub_seq_id", buf);
    ref_sub_seq_direction  = u_1 ("SEI: ref_sub_seq_direction", buf);

#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
    printf("ref_sub_seq_layer_num = %d\n", ref_sub_seq_layer_num);
    printf("ref_sub_seq_id        = %d\n", ref_sub_seq_id);
    printf("ref_sub_seq_direction = %d\n", ref_sub_seq_direction);
#endif
  }

  free( buf );
#ifdef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
#undef PRINT_SUBSEQUENCE_CHAR
#endif
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the Scene information SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_scene_information( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  Bitstream* buf;
  int scene_id, scene_transition_type, second_scene_id;

  buf = malloc(sizeof(Bitstream));
  buf->bitstream_length = size;
  buf->streamBuffer = payload;
  buf->frame_bitoffset = 0;

  UsedBits = 0;

  scene_id              = ue_v("SEI: scene_id"             , buf);
  scene_transition_type = ue_v("SEI: scene_transition_type", buf);
  if ( scene_transition_type > 3 )
  {
    second_scene_id     = ue_v("SEI: scene_transition_type", buf);;
  }

#ifdef PRINT_SCENE_INFORMATION
  printf("Scene information SEI message\n");
  printf("scene_transition_type = %d\n", scene_transition_type);
  printf("scene_id              = %d\n", scene_id);
  if ( scene_transition_type > 3 )
  {
    printf("second_scene_id       = %d\n", second_scene_id);
  }
#endif
  free( buf );
#ifdef PRINT_SCENE_INFORMATION
#undef PRINT_SCENE_INFORMATION
#endif
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the Filler payload SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_filler_payload_info( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  int  offset = 0;
  byte payload_cnt = 0;

  while (offset<size)
  {
    if (payload[offset] == 0xFF)
    {
       payload_cnt++;
    }
  }


#ifdef PRINT_FILLER_PAYLOAD_INFO
  printf("Filler payload SEI message\n");
  if (payload_cnt==size)
  {
    printf("read %d bytes of filler payload\n", payload_cnt);
  }
  else
  {
    printf("error reading filler payload: not all bytes are 0xFF (%d of %d)\n", payload_cnt, size);
  }
#endif

#ifdef PRINT_FILLER_PAYLOAD_INFO
#undef PRINT_FILLER_PAYLOAD_INFO
#endif
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the User data unregistered SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size
 *     the size of the sei message
 *  \param img
 *     the image pointer
 *    
 ************************************************************************
 */
void interpret_user_data_unregistered_info( byte* payload, int size, ImageParameters *img )
{
  int offset = 0;
  byte payload_byte;

#ifdef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
  printf("User data unregistered SEI message\n");
  printf("uuid_iso_11578 = 0x");
#endif
  assert (size>=16);

  for (offset = 0; offset < 16; offset++)
  {
#ifdef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
    printf("%02x",payload[offset]);
#endif
  }

#ifdef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
    printf("\n");
#endif

  while (offset < size)
  {
    payload_byte = payload[offset];
    offset ++;
#ifdef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
    printf("Unreg data payload_byte = %d\n", payload_byte);
#endif
  }
#ifdef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
#undef PRINT_USER_DATA_UNREGISTERED_INFO
#endif
}


/*!
 ************************************************************************
 *  \brief
 *     Interpret the User data registered by ITU-T T.35 SEI message
 *  \param payload
 *     a pointer that point to the sei payload
 *  \param size