public class FindCharacters
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    // Text string to be analyzed
    String text = "To be or not to be, that is the question;"
                + " Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer"
                + " the slings and arrows of outragous fortune,"
                + " or to take arms against a sea of troubles,"
                + " and by opposing end them?";

    int andCount = 0;               // Number of and's
    int theCount = 0;               // Number of the's

    int index = -1;                 // Current index position

    String andStr = "and";          // Search substring
    String theStr = "the";          // Search substring

    // Search forwards for "and"
    index = text.indexOf(andStr);   // Find 1st 'and'
    while(index >= 0)
    {
      ++andCount;
      index += andStr.length();     // Step to position after last 'and'
      index = text.indexOf(andStr, index);
    }

    // Search backwards for "the"
    index = text.lastIndexOf(theStr);   // Find last 'the'
    while(index >= 0)
    {
      ++theCount;
      index -= theStr.length();     // Step to position before last 'the'
      index = text.lastIndexOf(theStr, index);
    }

    System.out.println("The text contains " + andCount + " ands\n"
                     + "The text contains " + theCount + " thes");
  }
}