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<html><head><title>RINETD(8)</title></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFF0"><!-- Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999, Thomas Boutell and Boutell.Com, Inc. This software is released for free use under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2 or higher.--><table><tr><th width=33% align=left>RINETD(8)<th width=33% align=right>Unix System Manager's Manual<th width=33% align=right>RINETD(8)</tr></table><p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">NAME</font><p>rinetd -- internet ``redirection server''<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">SYNOPSIS</font><p><code>/usr/sbin/rinetd</code><p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">VERSION</font><p>Version 0.62, 04/13/2003. Version 0.62 corrects a potentialbuffer overflow when reallocating memory to accommodate moreconnections. Upgrading is strongly recommended.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">WHERE TO GET</font><p><strong>For Linux:</strong><a href="ftp://ftp.boutell.com/pub/boutell/rinetd/rinetd.tar.gz">Byanonymous FTP from ftp.boutell.com</a> in the subdirectory<code>boutell/rinetd</code> as the file <code>rinetd.tar.gz</code>.<p><strong>For Windows 95/98/NT:</strong><a href="ftp://ftp.boutell.com/pub/boutell/rinetd/rinetd.zip">Byanonymous FTP from ftp.boutell.com</a> in the subdirectory<code>boutell/rinetd</code> as the file <code>rinetd.zip</code>.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">DESCRIPTION</font><p>Redirects TCP connections from one IP address and port to another. rinetdis a single-process server which handles any number of connections tothe address/port pairs specified in the file <code>/etc/rinetd.conf</code>. Since rinetd runs as a single process using nonblocking I/O, it isable to redirect a large number of connections without a severeimpact on the machine. This makes it practical to run TCP serviceson machines inside an IP masquerading firewall. rinetd <strong>does notredirect FTP,</strong> because FTP requires more than one socket.<p>rinetd is typically launched at boot time, using the following syntax:<p><code>/usr/sbin/rinetd</code><p>The configuration file is found in the file <code>/etc/rinetd.conf</code>, unlessanother file is specified using the <code>-c</code> command line option. <p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">FORWARDING RULES</font><p>Most entries in the configuration file are forwarding rules. Theformat of a forwarding rule is as follows:<pre>bindaddress bindport connectaddress connectport</pre>For example:<pre>206.125.69.81 80 10.1.1.2 80</pre>Would redirect all connections to port 80 of the "real" IP address206.125.69.81, which could be a virtual interface, throughrinetd to port 80 of the address 10.1.1.2, which would typically be a machine on the inside of a firewall which has nodirect routing to the outside world.<p>Although responding on individual interfaces rather than on allinterfaces is one of rinetd's primary features, sometimes it is preferable to respond on all IP addresses that belong to the server.In this situation, the special IP address <code>0.0.0.0</code>can be used. For example:<pre>0.0.0.0 23 10.1.1.2 23</pre>Would redirect all connections to port 23, for all IP addressesassigned to the server. This is the default behavior for mostother programs.<p>Service names can be specified instead of port numbers. On most systems,service names are defined in the file /etc/services.<p>Both IP addresses and hostnames are accepted forbindaddress and connectaddress.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">ALLOW AND DENY RULES</font><p>Configuration files can also contain allow and deny rules. <p>Allow rules which appear before the first forwarding rule areapplied globally: if at least one global allow rule exists,and the address of a new connection does notsatisfy at least one of the global allow rules, that connectionis immediately rejected, regardless of any other rules. <p>Allow rules which appear after a specific forwarding rule apply to that forwarding rule only. If at least one allow ruleexists for a particular forwarding rule, and the address of a newconnection does not satisfy at least one of the allow rulesfor that forwarding rule, that connection is immediatelyrejected, regardless of any other rules.<p>Deny rules which appear before the first forwarding rule areapplied globally: if the address of a new connection satisfiesany of the global allow rules, that connectionis immediately rejected, regardless of any other rules. <p>Deny rules which appear after a specific forwarding rule apply to that forwarding rule only. If the address of a newconnection satisfies any of the deny rules for that forwarding rule, that connection is immediately rejected, regardless of any other rules.<p>The format of an allow rule is as follows:<pre>allow pattern</pre>Patterns can contain the following characters: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, . (period), ?, and *. The ? wildcard matches any onecharacter. The * wildcard matches any number of characters, includingzero. <p>For example:<p><pre>allow 206.125.69.*</pre>This allow rule matches all IP addresses in the 206.125.69 class C domain.<p>Host names are NOT permitted in allow and deny rules. The performancecost of looking up IP addresses to find their corresponding namesis prohibitive. Since rinetd is a single process server, all otherconnections would be forced to pause during the address lookup.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">LOGGING</font><p>rinetd is able to produce a log file in either of two formats:tab-delimited and web server-style "common log format."<p>By default, rinetd does not produce a log file. To activate logging, add the following line to the configuration file:<pre>logfile log-file-location</pre>Example:<pre>logfile /var/log/rinetd.log</pre>By default, rinetd logs in a simple tab-delimited format containingthe following information:<p>Date and time<br>Client address<br>Listening host<br>Listening port<br>Forwarded-to host<br>Forwarded-to port<br>Bytes received from client<br>Bytes sent to client<br>Result message<p>To activate web server-style "common log format" logging,add the following line to the configuration file:<pre>logcommon</pre><p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">COMMAND LINE OPTIONS</font><p>The -c command line option is used to specify an alternateconfiguration file.<p>The -h command line option produces a short help message.<p>The -v command line option displays the version number.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">REINITIALIZING RINETD</font><p>The kill -1 signal (SIGHUP) can be used to cause rinetdto reload its configuration file <strong>without</strong> interrupting existingconnections. Under Linux(tm) the process id is saved in the file <code>/var/run/rinetd.pid</code>to facilitate the kill -HUP. An alternatefile name can be provided by using the <code>pidlogfile</code> configuration file option.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">BUGS</font><p>The server redirected to is not able to identify the host theclient really came from. This cannot be corrected; however,the log produced by rinetd provides a way to obtain thisinformation. Under Unix, sockets would theoretically lose data when closedwith <code>SO_LINGER</code> turned off, but in Linux this is not the case (kernel source comments support this belief on my part). On non-Linux Unixplatforms, alternate code which uses a different trick to work around blocking <code>close()</code> is provided, but this code is untested.<p>The logging is inadequate. The duration of the connection should be logged.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">LICENSE</font><p>Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999,<a href="http://www.boutell.com/boutell">Thomas Boutell</a> and <a href="http://www.boutell.com/">Boutell.Com, Inc.</a>This software is released for free use under the terms ofthe GNU General Public License, version 2 or higher.<p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">CONTACT INFORMATION</font><p>See <a href="http://www.boutell.com/rinetd">the rinetd web page</a> for the latest release.Thomas Boutell can be reached by email: <a href="mailto:boutell@boutell.com">boutell@boutell.com</a><p><font color="#FF8888" size="4">THANKS</font><p>Thanks are due to Bill Davidsen, Libor Pechachek, Sascha Ziemann, Joel S. Noble, the Apache Group, and many others who have contributed advice, encouragement and/or source code to this and other open software projects.</body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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