?? c_lip_impl.h

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   long lams = 0; 
 
   lams = 0; 
   for (lami = (*lamb++); lami > 0; lami--) { 
      lams += (*lama - *lamb++); 
      *lama++ = lams & NTL_RADIXM; 
      lams >>= NTL_NBITS; 
   } 
   *lama += lams; 
}


#else


static
void zsubmulone(long *lama, long *lamb)
{ 
   long lami; 
   long lams = 0; 
 
   lams = 0; 
   for (lami = (*lamb++); lami > 0; lami--) { 
      lams = *lama - *lamb++ - lams; 
      *lama++ = lams & NTL_RADIXM; 
      lams = (lams < 0);
   } 
   *lama -= lams; 
}

#endif


/*
 * definitions of zaddmul, zsxmul, zaddmulsq for the various 
 * long integer implementation options.
 */


#if (defined(NTL_SINGLE_MUL))

static
void zaddmul(long ams, long *ama, long *amb) 
{ 
   long carry = 0; 
   long i = (*amb++);
   double dams = (double) ams;
   double xx;
   double yy;
   unsigned long lo_wd, lo;
   unsigned long hi_wd, hi;

   xx  =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
   for (; i > 1; i--) { 
      yy =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams +DENORMALIZE;
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = lo + (*ama) + carry;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
      ama++; 
      xx = yy;
   } 

   NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
   lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
   hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
   lo = lo + (*ama) + carry;
   *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
   carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
   ama++; 
   *ama += carry; 
}

static
void zsxmul(long ams, long *ama, long *amb) 
{ 
   long carry = 0; 
   long i = (*amb++);
   double dams = (double) ams;
   double xx;
   double yy;
   unsigned long lo_wd, lo;
   unsigned long hi_wd, hi;

   xx  =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
   for (; i > 1; i--) { 
      yy =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams +DENORMALIZE;
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = lo + carry;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
      ama++; 
      xx = yy;
   } 

   NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
   lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
   hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
   lo = lo + carry;
   *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
   carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
   ama++; 
   *ama = carry; 
}

static
void zaddmulsq(long ams, long *ama, long *amb) 
{ 
   long carry = 0; 
   long i = ams;
   double dams = (double) (*amb++);
   double xx;
   double yy;
   unsigned long lo, lo_wd;
   unsigned long hi, hi_wd;

   xx =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
   for (; i > 1; i--) { 
      yy =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = lo + (*ama) + carry;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
      ama++; 
      xx = yy;
   } 
   if (i==1) {
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = lo + (*ama) + carry;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = hi + (lo >> 26);
      ama++; 
   }
   *ama += carry; 
}

#elif (defined(NTL_AVOID_FLOAT) || defined(NTL_LONG_LONG))

static
void zaddmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{
        long lami;
        long lamcarry = 0;

        for (lami = (*lamb++); lami > 0; lami--)
        {
                zaddmulp(*lama, *lamb, lams, lamcarry);
                lama++;
                lamb++;
        }
        *lama += lamcarry;
}

static
void zsxmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{
        long lami;
        long lamcarry = 0;

        for (lami = (*lamb++); lami > 0; lami--)
        {
                zxmulp(*lama, *lamb, lams, lamcarry);
                lama++;
                lamb++;
        }
        *lama = lamcarry;
}

static
void zaddmulsq(long lsqi, long *lsqa, long *lsqb)
{
        long lsqs = *(lsqb);
        long lsqcarry = 0;

        lsqb++;
        for (; lsqi > 0; lsqi--)
        {
                zaddmulp(*lsqa, *lsqb, lsqs, lsqcarry);
                lsqa++;
                lsqb++;
        }
        *lsqa += lsqcarry;
}


#else
/* default long integer arithmetic */

static
void zaddmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{ 
   long lami = (*lamb++)-1; 
   long lamcarry = 0; 
   zam_decl;

   zam_init(*lamb, lams);
   lamb++;

 
   for (; lami > 0; lami--) { 
      zam_loop(*lama, lamcarry, *lamb);
      lama++; 
      lamb++; 
   } 
   zam_finish(*lama, lamcarry);
   lama++;
   *lama += lamcarry; 
}



static
void zsxmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{ 
   long lami = (*lamb++)-1; 
   long lamcarry = 0; 
   zam_decl;

   zam_init(*lamb, lams);
   lamb++;

 
   for (; lami > 0; lami--) { 
      zsx_loop(*lama, lamcarry, *lamb);
      lama++; 
      lamb++; 
   } 
   zsx_finish(*lama, lamcarry);
   lama++;
   *lama = lamcarry; 
}



static
void zaddmulsq(long lsqi, long *lsqa, long *lsqb)
{ 
   long lsqs; 
   long lsqcarry; 
   zam_decl

   if (lsqi <= 0) return;

   lsqs = *lsqb;
   lsqcarry = 0;

   lsqb++; 
   zam_init(*lsqb, lsqs);
   lsqb++;
   lsqi--;
   for (; lsqi > 0; lsqi--) { 
      zam_loop(*lsqa, lsqcarry, *lsqb);
      lsqa++; 
      lsqb++; 
   } 
   zam_finish(*lsqa, lsqcarry);
   lsqa++;
   *lsqa += lsqcarry; 
}


#endif







/*
 * definition of zsubmul for the various long integer implementation options.
 * Note that zsubmul is only called with a positive first argument.
 */



#if (defined(NTL_SINGLE_MUL))

#if (NTL_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT)

static
void zsubmul(long ams, long *ama, long *amb) 
{ 
   long carry = 0; 
   long i = (*amb++);
   double dams = (double) ams;
   double xx;
   double yy;
   unsigned long lo_wd, lo;
   unsigned long hi_wd, hi;

   xx  =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
   for (; i > 1; i--) { 
      yy =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams +DENORMALIZE;
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = (*ama) + carry - lo;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = (((long)lo) >> 26) - hi;
      ama++; 
      xx = yy;
   } 

   NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
   lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
   hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
   lo = (*ama) + carry - lo;
   *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
   carry = (((long)lo) >> 26) - hi;
   ama++; 
   *ama += carry; 
}

#else

static
void zsubmul(long ams, long *ama, long *amb) 
{ 
   long carry = 0; 
   long i = (*amb++);
   double dams = (double) ams;
   double xx;
   double yy;
   unsigned long lo_wd, lo;
   unsigned long hi_wd, hi;

   xx  =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams + DENORMALIZE;
   for (; i > 1; i--) { 
      yy =  ((double) (*amb++))*dams +DENORMALIZE;
      NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
      lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
      hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
      lo = (*ama) + carry - lo;
      *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
      carry = ((lo + (1L << 27)) >> 26) - hi - 2;
      ama++; 
      xx = yy;
   } 

   NTL_FetchHiLo(hi_wd, lo_wd, xx);
   lo = lo_wd & 0x3FFFFFF;
   hi = ((hi_wd<<6)|(lo_wd>>26)) & 0x3FFFFFF;
   lo = (*ama) + carry - lo;
   *ama = lo & 0x3FFFFFF;
   carry = ((lo + (1L << 27)) >> 26) - hi - 2;
   ama++; 
   *ama += carry; 
}

#endif



#elif (defined(NTL_AVOID_FLOAT) || (defined(NTL_LONG_LONG) && defined(NTL_CLEAN_INT)))

static void
zsubmul(
        long r,
        _ntl_verylong a,
        _ntl_verylong b
        )
{
        long rd = NTL_RADIX - r;
        long i;
        long carry = NTL_RADIX;

        for (i = (*b++); i > 0; i--)
        {
                zaddmulp(*a, *b, rd, carry);
                a++;
                carry += NTL_RADIXM - (*b++);
        }
        *a += carry - NTL_RADIX; /* unnormalized */
}

#elif (defined(NTL_LONG_LONG))

/*
 * NOTE: the implementation of zaddmulp for the NTL_LONG_LONG option
 * will work on most machines even when the single-precision 
 * multiplicand is negative;  however, the C language standard does
 * not guarantee correct behaviour in this case, which is why the above
 * implementation is used when NTL_CLEAN_INT is set. 
 */

static
void zsubmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{
        long lami;
        long lamcarry = 0;

        lams = -lams;

        for (lami = (*lamb++); lami > 0; lami--)
        {
                zaddmulp(*lama, *lamb, lams, lamcarry);
                lama++;
                lamb++;
        }
        *lama += lamcarry;
}


#else
/* default long integer arithmetic */

static
void zsubmul(long lams, long *lama, long *lamb)
{ 
   long lami = (*lamb++)-1; 
   CARRY_TYPE lamcarry = 0; 
   zam_decl;

   zam_init(*lamb, lams);
   lamb++;

 
   for (; lami > 0; lami--) { 
      zam_subloop(*lama, lamcarry, *lamb);
      lama++; 
      lamb++; 
   } 
   zam_subfinish(*lama, lamcarry);
   lama++;
   *lama += CARRY_CONV(lamcarry); 
}

#endif





/*
 *
 * zdiv21 returns quot, numhigh so
 *
 * quot = (numhigh*NTL_RADIX + numlow)/denom;
 * numhigh  = (numhigh*NTL_RADIX + numlow)%denom;
 * Assumes 0 <= numhigh < denom < NTL_RADIX and 0 <= numlow < NTL_RADIX.
 */


#if (defined(NTL_CLEAN_INT))

/*
 * This "clean" version relies on the guaranteed semantics of
 * unsigned integer arithmetic.
 */

#define zdiv21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv, quot) \
{ \
   unsigned long udenom = denom; \
   unsigned long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) + \
                        (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   unsigned long lr21 = (((unsigned long) numhigh) << NTL_NBITS) + \
                        ((unsigned long) numlow)  - udenom*lq21 ; \
 \
   if (lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1)) { \
      lq21--; \
      lr21 += udenom; \
   } \
   else if (lr21 >= udenom) { \
      lr21 -= udenom; \
      lq21++; \
   } \
   quot = (long) lq21; \
   numhigh = (long) lr21; \
}


#else

/*
 * This "less clean" version relies on wrap-around semantics for
 * signed integer arithmetic.
 */

#define zdiv21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv, quot) \
{ \
   long lr21; \
   long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) \
          + (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   long lp21; \
   MulLo(lp21, lq21, denom); \
   lr21 = (numhigh << NTL_NBITS) + numlow - lp21; \
   if (lr21 < 0) { \
      lq21--; \
      lr21 += denom; \
   } \
   else if (lr21 >= denom) { \
      lr21 -= denom; \
      lq21++; \
   } \
   quot = lq21; \
   numhigh = lr21; \
}

#endif




/*
 * zrem21 behaves just like zdiv21, except the only the remainder is computed.
 */

#if (defined(NTL_CLEAN_INT) || (defined(NTL_AVOID_BRANCHING)  && !NTL_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT))
#define NTL_CLEAN_SPMM
#endif

#if (defined(NTL_CLEAN_SPMM)  && !defined(NTL_AVOID_BRANCHING))

#define zrem21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv) \
{ \
   unsigned long udenom = denom; \
   unsigned long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) + \
                        (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   unsigned long lr21 = (((unsigned long) numhigh) << NTL_NBITS) + \
                        ((unsigned long) numlow)  - udenom*lq21 ; \
 \
   if (lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1)) { \
      lr21 += udenom; \
   } \
   else if (lr21 >= udenom) { \
      lr21 -= udenom; \
   } \
   numhigh = (long) lr21; \
}

#elif (defined(NTL_CLEAN_SPMM)  && defined(NTL_AVOID_BRANCHING))


#define zrem21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv) \
{ \
   unsigned long udenom = denom; \
   unsigned long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) + \
                        (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   unsigned long lr21 = (((unsigned long) numhigh) << NTL_NBITS) + \
                        ((unsigned long) numlow)  - udenom*lq21 ; \
   lr21 += (-(lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1))) & udenom; \
   lr21 -= udenom; \
   lr21 += (-(lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1))) & udenom; \
   numhigh = (long) lr21; \
}


#elif (NTL_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT && defined(NTL_AVOID_BRANCHING))

#define zrem21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv) \
{ \
   long lr21; \
   long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) \
          + (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   long lp21; \
   MulLo(lp21, lq21, denom); \
   lr21 = (numhigh << NTL_NBITS) + numlow - lp21; \
   lr21 += (lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1)) & denom; \
   lr21 -= denom; \
   lr21 += (lr21 >> (NTL_BITS_PER_LONG-1)) & denom; \
   numhigh = lr21; \
}

#else

#define zrem21(numhigh, numlow, denom, deninv) \
{ \
   long lr21; \
   long lq21 = (long) (((NTL_FRADIX * (double) (numhigh)) \
      + (double) (numlow)) * (deninv)); \
   long lp21; \
   MulLo(lp21, lq21, denom); \
   lr21 = (numhigh << NTL_NBITS) + numlow - lp21; \
   if (lr21 < 0) lr21 += denom; \
   else if (lr21 >= denom) lr21 -= denom; \
   numhigh = lr21; \
}

#endif



void _ntl_zsetlength(_ntl_verylong *v, long len)
{
   _ntl_verylong x = *v;

   if (len < 0)
      zhalt("negative size allocation in _ntl_zsetlength");

   if (NTL_OVERFLOW(len, NTL_NBITS, 0))
      zhalt("size too big in _ntl_zsetlength");

#ifdef L_TO_G_CHECK_LEN
   /* this makes sure that numbers don't get too big for GMP */
   if (len >= (1L << (NTL_BITS_PER_INT-4)))
      zhalt("size too big for GMP");
#endif

   if (x) {
      long oldlen = x[-1];
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?? c_lip_impl.h

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