/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------  ex17.C  mbwall 5may95  Copyright (c) 1995-1996  Massachusetts Institute of Technology DESCRIPTION:   Example program illustrating the use of a 2DArrayGenome with trinaryalleles (-1, 0, 1).  The objective function for this program tries to alternate 0 and 1 then put -1 in the corners.---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <iostream.h>#include <fstream.h>#include <ga/ga.h>float objective(GAGenome &);intmain(int argc, char *argv[]){  cout << "Example 17\n\n";  cout << "This program illustrates the use of a 2DArrayGenome with\n";  cout << "three alleles.  It tries to fill a 2D array with alternating\n";  cout << "0s and 1s, and -1s at the corners.  You will have to run it\n";  cout << "for something like 10000 generations to get the perfect score.\n\n";  cout.flush();// See if we've been given a seed to use (for testing purposes).  When you// specify a random seed, the evolution will be exactly the same each time// you use that seed number.  unsigned int seed = 0;  for(int ii=1; ii<argc; ii++) {    if(strcmp(argv[ii++],"seed") == 0) {      seed = atoi(argv[ii]);    }  }  int aset[] = {-1,0,1};  GAAlleleSet<int> alleles(3, aset);  GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int> genome(20, 20, alleles, objective);  genome.initializer(GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int>::UniformInitializer);  genome.mutator(GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int>::FlipMutator);  genome.crossover(GA2DArrayGenome<int>::OnePointCrossover);  GASteadyStateGA ga(genome);  GASigmaTruncationScaling trunc;  ga.scaling(trunc);  ga.set(gaNpopulationSize, 40);  ga.set(gaNpCrossover, 0.6);   ga.set(gaNpMutation, 0.001);  ga.set(gaNnGenerations, 10000);  ga.set(gaNpReplacement, 0.25);  ga.parameters(argc, argv);  ga.initialize(seed);  cout << "evolving...";  while(!ga.done()){    ga.step();    if(ga.generation() % 50 == 0){      cout << "."; cout.flush();    }  }  cout << "\n\n";  cout << "the ga generated:\n" << ga.statistics().bestIndividual() << endl;  return 0;} floatobjective(GAGenome & c){  GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int> & genome = (GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int> &)c;  float value=0.0;  int count=0;  for(int i=0; i<genome.width(); i++){    for(int j=0; j<genome.height(); j++){      if(genome.gene(i,j) == 0 && count%2 == 0)        value += 1.0;      if(genome.gene(i,j) == 1 && count%2 != 0)        value += 1.0;      count++;    }  }  value -= 4;  value += 10*(genome.gene(0,0) == 	       genome.alleleset().allele(0));  value += 10*(genome.gene(genome.width()-1,0) == 	       genome.alleleset().allele(0));  value += 10*(genome.gene(0, genome.height()-1) == 	       genome.alleleset().allele(0));  value += 10*(genome.gene(genome.width()-1, genome.height()-1) == 	       genome.alleleset().allele(0));  return(value);}// Here we override the built-in write method for the 2DArray genome so// that we get better spacing.  The default just stacks the characters one// after another.  Here we do fixed spacing so that the -1 and 1 don't screw// each other up.intGA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int>::write(ostream & os) const {  for(unsigned int j=0; j<ny; j++){    for(unsigned int i=0; i<nx; i++){      os.width(3);      os << gene(i,j);    }    os << "\n";  }  return os.fail() ? 1 : 0;}// If your compiler does not do automatic instantiation (e.g. g++ 2.6.8),// then define the NO_AUTO_INST directive.#ifdef NO_AUTO_INST#include <ga/GAAllele.C>#include <ga/GA2DArrayGenome.C>#if defined(__GNUG__)template class GAAlleleSet<int>;template class GAAlleleSetCore<int>;template class GAArray<int>;template class GA2DArrayGenome<int>;template class GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int>;#elseGAAlleleSet<int>;GAAlleleSetCore<int>;GAArray<int>;GA2DArrayGenome<int>;GA2DArrayAlleleGenome<int>;#endif#endif