這個DEMO供大家一起探討學習Struts，因為工作太累，沒精力給大家解釋實現(xiàn)原理。如果看不懂，沒關(guān)系。只是說明JSP基礎(chǔ)還沒有到火候，不要心急，回去強化下JSP+Servlet,基礎(chǔ)扎實了，自然能夠看懂我寫的代碼。這個DEMO借鑒了網(wǎng)上很多前人的經(jīng)驗，在此一并謝謝。
web.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
  <display-name>BookShopMod</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>config</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>application</param-name>
      <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
  <taglib>
    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/camel-define.tld</taglib-uri>
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/camel-define.tld</taglib-location>
  </taglib>
</web-app>
Struts-config.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
<struts-config>
  <form-beans>
    <form-bean name="bookForm" type="com.bookshop.form.BookForm"/>
    <form-bean name="operatorForm" type="com.bookshop.form.OperatorForm"/>
    <form-bean name="findRecordForm" type="com.bookshop.form.FindRecordForm"/>
  </form-beans>
  <global-forwards>
    <forward name="index" path="/index.jsp"/>
    <forward name="browser" path="/show.jsp"/>
    <forward name="global_error" path="/error.jsp"/>
  </global-forwards>
  <action-mappings>
    <action input="/show.jsp" name="bookForm" parameter="operator" path="/operatorAction" scope="session" type="com.bookshop.action.OperatorAction" validate=&quot;false">
      <forward name="operatorok" path="/success.jsp" redirect="true"/>
      <forward name="showFirstPage" path="/operatorAction.do?operator=showFirstPage"/>
      <forward name="showPreviousPage" path="/operatorAction.do?operator=showPreviousPage"/>
      <forward name="showNextPage" path="/operatorAction.do?operator=showNextPage"/>
      <forward name="showLastPage" path="/operatorAction.do?operator=showLastPage"/>
      <forward name="showAddRecord" path="/editrecord.jsp?operator=addRecord" redirect="true"/>
      <forward name="showModifyRecord" path="/editrecord.jsp?operator=modifyRecord"/>
      <forward name="showFindRecord" path="/findrecord.jsp" redirect="true"/>
    </action>
    <action input="/findrecord.jsp" name="findRecordForm" path="/findRecordAction" scope="session" type="com.bookshop.action.FindRecordAction" validate="false"/>
  </action-mappings>
  <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin">
    <set-property property="definitions-config" value="/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml"/>
  </plug-in>
</struts-config>
tiles-defs文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 1.1//EN" "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/tiles-config_1_1.dtd">
<tiles-definitions>
  <definition name="base-definition" path="layout.jsp">
    <put name="head" value="head.jsp" />
    <put name="left" value="left.jsp" />
    <put name="body" />
    <put name="foot" value="foot.jsp" />
  </definition>
  <definition extends="base-definition" name="index-definition">
    <put name="body" value="index_body.jsp" />
  </definition>
  <definition extends="base-definition" name="show-definition">
    <put name="body" value="show_body.jsp" />
  </definition>
  <definition extends="base-definition" name="edit-definition">
    <put name="body" value="edit_body.jsp" />
  </definition>
  <definition extends="base-definition" name="find-definition">
    <put name="body" value="find_body.jsp"/>
    </definition>
   <definition extends="base-definition" name="success-definition">
    <put name="body" value="success_body.jsp" />
  </definition>
  <definition extends="base-definition" name="error-definition">
    <put name="body" value="error_body.jsp"/>
    </definition>
</tiles-definitions>
camel-define文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE taglib PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_1_1.dtd">
<taglib>
<tlibversion>1.0</tlibversion>
<jspversion>1.1</jspversion>
<shortname>camel</shortname>
<uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/tags-bean</uri>
<tag>
<name>isLastPage</name>
<tagclass>com.bookshop.util.IsLastTag</tagclass>
<bodycontent>JSP</bodycontent>
<attribute>
<name>page</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
上面幾個文件和struts-bean.tld，struts-html.tld，struts-tiles.tld，struts-logic.tld都一起位于WEB-INF的根目錄下面。
以下是三個Action文件：
/*FindRecordAction.java*/
package com.bookshop.action;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import com.bookshop.form.FindRecordForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.bookshop.model.Operator;
import com.bookshop.util.PageInfo;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;

public class FindRecordAction
    extends Action {
  public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                               ActionForm actionForm,
                               HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                               HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
    FindRecordForm findRecordForm = (FindRecordForm) actionForm;
    String key = findRecordForm.getFindByKey().trim();
    String value = findRecordForm.getFindByValue().trim();
    List list = new ArrayList();
    list = Operator.getRecords(key, value, 0);
    servletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("books", list);
    if (!list.isEmpty()) {
      servletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                               new PageInfo(Operator.
          getRecordsNumber(), 1));
    }
    else {
      ActionErrors messages = new ActionErrors();
      messages.add(ActionErrors.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,
                   new ActionError("findrecord.jsp.notfound"));
      servletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                               new PageInfo(0, 1));
    }
    return actionMapping.findForward("browser");
  }
}
/*GenericAction.java*/
package com.bookshop.action;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;

public class GenericAction
    extends DispatchAction {
  /*
     public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                               ActionForm actionForm,
                               HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                               HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
    throw new java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException(
        "Method $execute() not yet implemented.");
     }
   */
  public void saveGlobalErrors(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,String errorKey) {
    ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
    errors.add(ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR, new ActionError(errorKey));
    if (errors != null) {
      saveErrors(httpServletRequest, errors);
    }
  }

  public ActionForward getIndexForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("index");
  }

  public ActionForward getBrowserForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("browser");
  }

  public ActionForward showDeleteForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("showDelete");
  }

  public ActionForward getOperatorOkForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("operatorok");
  }

  public ActionForward getErrorForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("global_error");
  }

  public ActionForward getShowAddForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("showAddRecord");
  }

  public ActionForward getShowModifyForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("showModifyRecord");
  }

  public ActionForward getShowDeleteForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
    return actionMapping.findForward("showDeleteRecord");
  }

  public ActionForward getShowFindForward(ActionMapping actionMapping) {
      return actionMapping.findForward("showFindRecord");
  }
}
/*OperatorAction.java*/
package com.bookshop.action;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import com.bookshop.form.OperatorForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.struts.Globals;
import com.bookshop.util.DBUtil;
import com.bookshop.util.ApplicationUtil;
import com.bookshop.model.Operator;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.bookshop.util.PageInfo;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import com.bookshop.form.BookForm;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;
import com.bookshop.util.BookBean;

public class OperatorAction
    extends GenericAction {
    /*
       public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                 ActionForm actionForm,
                                 HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                                 HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
      throw new java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException(
          "Method $execute() not yet implemented.");
       }
     */

  //轉(zhuǎn)換為中文頁面
  public ActionForward ChangeCH(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                ActionForm actionForm,
                                HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                                HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
    servletRequest.getSession().setAttribute(Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.CHINA);
    return this.getIndexForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //轉(zhuǎn)換為英文頁面
  public ActionForward ChangeEN(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                ActionForm actionForm,
                                HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                                HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
    servletRequest.getSession().setAttribute(Globals.LOCALE_KEY, Locale.ENGLISH);
    return this.getIndexForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //鏈接到首頁記錄
  public ActionForward showFirstPage(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                     ActionForm actionForm,
                                     HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                     HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    List list = new ArrayList();
    list = Operator.getRecords(0);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("books", list);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                                 new PageInfo(Operator.
        getRecordsNumber(), 1));
    return this.getBrowserForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //鏈接到上一頁記錄
  public ActionForward showPreviousPage(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                        ActionForm actionForm,
                                        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    List list = new ArrayList();
    PageInfo pageInfo = (PageInfo) httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute(
        "pageinfo");
    list = Operator.getRecords( (pageInfo.getPreviousPageNumber() - 1) *
                               ApplicationUtil.recordPerPage);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("books", list);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                                 new PageInfo(Operator.
        getRecordsNumber(), pageInfo.getPreviousPageNumber()));
    return this.getBrowserForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //鏈接到下一頁記錄
  public ActionForward showNextPage(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                    ActionForm actionForm,
                                    HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                    HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    List list = new ArrayList();
    PageInfo pageInfo = (PageInfo) httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute(
        "pageinfo");
    list = Operator.getRecords(pageInfo.getCurrentlyPage() *
                               ApplicationUtil.recordPerPage);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("books", list);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                                 new PageInfo(Operator.
        getRecordsNumber(), pageInfo.getNextPageNumber()));
    return this.getBrowserForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //鏈接到末頁記錄
  public ActionForward showLastPage(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                    ActionForm actionForm,
                                    HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                    HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    List list = new ArrayList();
    PageInfo pageInfo = (PageInfo) httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute(
        "pageinfo");
    list = Operator.getRecords( (pageInfo.getPageCountNumber() - 1) *
                               ApplicationUtil.recordPerPage);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("books", list);
    httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("pageinfo",
                                                 new PageInfo(Operator.
        getRecordsNumber(), pageInfo.getLastPageNumber()));
    return this.getBrowserForward(actionMapping);
  }

  //取消操作的轉(zhuǎn)向
  public ActionForward cancel(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                              ActionForm actionForm,
                              HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                              HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    if (isCancelled(httpServletRequest)) {
      return this.getOperatorOkForward(actionMapping);
  &nbsp; }
    return null;
  }

  //查看所有記錄
  public ActionForward browser(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                               ActionForm actionForm,
                               HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                               HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    return this.showFirstPage(actionMapping, actionForm, httpServletRequest,
                              httpServletResponse);
  }

//執(zhí)行添加記錄
  public ActionForward addRecord(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                 ActionForm actionForm,
                                 HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                 HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    BookForm bookForm = (BookForm) actionForm;
    if (Operator.addRecord(bookForm.loadBook()) >= 1) {
      return this.getOperatorOkForward(actionMapping);
    }
    else {
      this.saveGlobalErrors(httpServletRequest, "editrecord.jsp.adderror");
      return this.getErrorForward(actionMapping);
    }
  }

//提交更新操作
  public ActionForward SubmitRecord(ActionMapping actionMapping,
                                    ActionForm actionForm,
                                    HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                    HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
    String str = (String) httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute("method");
    if (str.equals("addRecord")) {
      return addRecord(actionMapping, actionForm, httpServletRequest,
                       httpServletResponse);
    }
    if (str.equals("modifyRecord")) {
      return modifyRecord(actionMapping, actionForm, httpServletRequest,
                          httpServletResponse);
    }
    else {
      this.saveGlobalErrors(httpServletRequest, "edit.body.error");
      return this.getErrorForward(actionMapping);
    }