1. 
 Which of the following are typically true of informal specifications? 
They are often written as a set of if-then clauses. 
They are written in a natural language. 
They are only used in conjunction with more formal techniques. 
 
 

  (a) I and II only
 (b) II only
 (c) I, II, and III
 (d) II and III only  

 Correct answer is  (a)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.1 of the course notes. See section 10.2 in the textbook.
   (c)  
 

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 2. 
 Which of the following are true of informal specifications? 
They are brief and easy to read. 
They are precise. 
They do not require knowledge of a special notation. 
 
 

  (a) I and III only
 (b) I only
 (c) II and III only
 (d) III only  

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.1 of the course notes.
   (b)  
 

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 3. 
 Which of the following are true about a level 0 DFD? 
It is called a fundamental system model. 
It is called a context model. 
It shows the whole product as a process with input and output. 
 
 

  (a) I and III only
 (b) II and III only
 (c) III only
 (d) I, II, and III  

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes.
   (c)  
 

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 4. 
 When should the process of refining a DFD stop?  
 

  (a) When the graphical representation can no longer show details effectively
 (b) When the client and the developer's SQA group approve the existing DFDs
 (c) When the design team is able to produce algorithms to match the DFDs
 (d) When further decomposition would require entering into algorithm design  

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes.
   (c)  
 

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 5. 
 Process logic describes which of the following?  
 

  (a) The way that a system controls another system
 (b) The way that a module implements a particular algorithm
 (c) The way that control flows between and within component processes of a system
 (d) The way that data flows between and within component processes of a system  

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.3 of the course notes.
   (b)  
 

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 6. 
 Which of the following statements are true about decision trees? 
They help detect whether all possible combinations of input have been handled. 
They are good for specifying non-iterative decision procedures. 
They are generally used for real time systems. 
 
 

  (a) II and III only
 (b) I and II only
 (c) I, II, and III
 (d) I and III only  

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 8.33  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.3 of the course notes. See section 3.1.3 of the course notes. See section 10.3 in the textbook.
   (b)  
 

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 7. 
 Which of the following are among the uses of a data dictionary? 
Run-time debugging of programs 
Determining display requirements of data 
Checking consistency between design/implementation and specifications 
 
 

  (a) III only
 (b) II and III only
 (c) II only
 (d) I, II, and III  

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.4 of the course notes.
   (c)  
 

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 8. 
 Within the context of a data dictionary, the term cardinality refers to  
 

  (a) the number of values that a data item can take on
 (b) whether an item is optional or mandatory
 (c) the internal structure of a data item
 (d) the size of a data item  

 Correct answer is  (a)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.4 of the course notes.
   (b)  
 

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 9. 
 Which of the following describes the way a software product should react to incorrect and/or incomplete input?  
 

  (a) It should raise a system error during processing and wait for user correction.
 (b) It should attempt to detect the illegal input before processing and ask the user to correct the input.
 (c) It should end the program after telling the user why the data is bad.
 (d) It should raise a system error during processing and end the program.  

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.5 of the course notes.
   (c)  
 

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 10. 
 The input-output specifications should cover which of the following kinds of input? 
Complete and correct input 
Error-ridden input 
Incomplete input 
 
 

  (a) I and II only
 (b) I only
 (c) I, II, and III
 (d) I and III only  

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 8.33  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.5 of the course notes.
   (c)  
 

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 11. 
 For an entity-relationship model, if an object is not expected to participate in a relationship, how should that object be modeled?  
 

  (a) As an attribute
 (b) As an entity
 (c) So as to have optional cardinality
 (d) So as to have optional modality  

 Correct answer is  (a)  

 Your score on this question is: 8.33  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.2 of the course notes.
   (a)  
 

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 12. 
 In entity-relationship modeling, connections between sets of objects in the world are modeled as  
 

  (a) pointers
 (b) tables
 (c) relations
 (d) relationships  

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.2 of the course notes. See section 10.5 in the textbook.
   (c)  
 

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 2. 
 Which of the following drawbacks pertain to informal specifications? 
They may be verbose and hard to follow. 
It is hard to gauge whether they are complete. 
Inconsistencies may be difficult to detect. 
 
 

  (a) II only
 (b) II and III only
 (c) I, II, and III
 (d) I and II only  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.1 of the course notes.  
 

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 4. 
 Successive levels of DFDs can be shown using which of the following? 
External refinement 
In-place refinement 
Hierarchical annotations 
 
 

  (a) I and III only
 (b) II only
 (c) I, II, and III
 (d) I and II only  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes.  
 

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 5. 
 State transitions diagrams are used to specify _____ for _____.  
 

  (a) control flow, real time systems
 (b) data flow, real time systems
 (c) data flow, all kinds of software systems
 (d) control flow, all kinds of software systems  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (a)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.3 of the course notes. See section 10.6 in the textbook.  
 

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 7. 
 A data dictionary is _____ implemented within a CASE tool.  
 

  (a) always
 (b) sometimes
 (c) usually
 (d) never  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.4 of the course notes.  
 

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10. 
 The _____ define which input a software product must accept and what the corresponding output must be.  
 

  (a) acceptance criteria
 (b) data flow diagrams
 (c) control flow diagrams
 (d) input-output specifications  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.5 of the course notes.  
 

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 11. 
 Suppose that a database model for job seekers has three main entities, people, skills, and jobs. Suppose also that the people must have one or more skills, while jobs require zero or more skills. Then the modalities for the relationships HAS_SKILL and REQUIRES_SKILL are, respectively, _____ and _____.  
 

  (a) optional, optional
 (b) optional, mandatory
 (c) mandatory, mandatory
 (d) mandatory, optional  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.2 of the course notes.  
 

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 4. 
 The use of dataflow diagrams (DFDs) is a _____ technique.  
 

  (a) integration testing
 (b) specification
 (c) requirements analysis
 (d) design  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes. See section 10.3, pages 333-6 in the textbook.  
 

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 5. 
 The control information found in a state transition diagram describes  
 

  (a) constraints on the product imposed by the client
 (b) specific conditional branching and looping inside individual processes
 (c) how different input or input states cause different processes to be activated
 (d) information that the SQA group attaches to specifications for tracing purposes  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.3 of the course notes.  
 

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8. 
 Within the context of a data dictionary, the term modality refers to  
 

  (a) the use of a data item
 (b) whether an item is optional or mandatory
 (c) the type of a data item
 (d) the number of values that a data item can take on  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.4 of the course notes.  
 

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 7. 
 In determining whether a data dictionary is necessary, which of the following factors should be considered? 
The complexity of the processing that input undergoes 
The internal complexity of input 
The size of input 
 
 

  (a) I only
 (b) I and II only
 (c) II only
 (d) I, II, and III  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.4 of the course notes.  
 

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 12. 
 If a department can have several employees and an employee can work for only one department, then the relationship WORKS_FOR from employee to department is  
 

  (a) one-to-one
 (b) many-to-one
 (c) many-to-many
 (d) one-to-many  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (b)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.2 of the course notes. See section 10.5 in the textbook.  
 

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 3. 
 The most important reason for using graphical representations like DFDs is that  
 

  (a) they are less ambiguous than descriptive text
 (b) they use less paper than descriptive text
 (c) clients understand them better than text
 (d) software developers like them better than text  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (a)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes.  
 

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 4. 
 Which of the following are true about a DFD? 
They can be replaced by control flow diagrams in certain applications. 
The principle of hierarchical partitioning applies to DFDs. 
The principle of movement from essentials to details applies to DFDs. 
 
 

  (a) I and II only
 (b) I, II, and III
 (c) I and III only
 (d) II and III only  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (d)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.1.2 of the course notes.  
 

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 11. 
 What is the definition of the key for an entity in an entity-relationship model?  
 

  (a) It is the attribute that most completely identifies an entity.
 (b) It is not a well-defined concept for all entities.
 (c) It is the attribute, or combination of attributes, that uniquely identifies an entity.
 (d) It is the means of gaining access to an entity in a secure database.  

 You did not answer this question. 

 Correct answer is  (c)  

 Your score on this question is: 0.00  

 Feedback: 
   See section 3.2 of the course notes.  
 

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