2002 年 6 月 19 日

在應(yīng)用程序中添加日志記錄總的來說基于三個目的：監(jiān)視代碼中變量的變化情況，周期性的記錄到文件中供其他應(yīng)用進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析工作；跟蹤代碼運行時軌跡，作為日后審計的依據(jù)；擔(dān)當(dāng)集成開發(fā)環(huán)境中的調(diào)試器的作用，向文件或控制臺打印代碼的調(diào)試信息。
概述


1.1. 背景


在應(yīng)用程序中添加日志記錄總的來說基于三個目的：監(jiān)視代碼中變量的變化情況，周期性的記錄到文件中供其他應(yīng)用進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析工作；跟蹤代碼運行時軌跡，作為日后審計的依據(jù)；擔(dān)當(dāng)集成開發(fā)環(huán)境中的調(diào)試器的作用，向文件或控制臺打印代碼的調(diào)試信息。

最普通的做法就是在代碼中嵌入許多的打印語句，這些打印語句可以輸出到控制臺或文件中，比較好的做法就是構(gòu)造一個日志操作類來封裝此類操作，而不是讓一系列的打印語句充斥了代碼的主體。

1.2. Log4j簡介


在強(qiáng)調(diào)可重用組件開發(fā)的今天，除了自己從頭到尾開發(fā)一個可重用的日志操作類外，Apache為我們提供了一個強(qiáng)有力的日志操作包-Log4j。

Log4j是Apache的一個開放源代碼項目，通過使用Log4j，我們可以控制日志信息輸送的目的地是控制臺、文件、GUI組件、甚至是套接口服務(wù)器、NT的事件記錄器、UNIX Syslog守護(hù)進(jìn)程等；我們也可以控制每一條日志的輸出格式；通過定義每一條日志信息的級別，我們能夠更加細(xì)致地控制日志的生成過程。最令人感興趣的就是，這些可以通過一個配置文件來靈活地進(jìn)行配置，而不需要修改應(yīng)用的代碼。

此外，通過Log4j其他語言接口，您可以在C、C++、.Net、PL/SQL程序中使用Log4j，其語法和用法與在Java程序中一樣，使得多語言分布式系統(tǒng)得到一個統(tǒng)一一致的日志組件模塊。而且，通過使用各種第三方擴(kuò)展，您可以很方便地將Log4j集成到J2EE、JINI甚至是SNMP應(yīng)用中。

本文介紹的Log4j版本是1.2.3。作者試圖通過一個簡單的客戶/服務(wù)器Java程序例子對比使用與不使用Log4j 1.2.3的差別，并詳細(xì)講解了在實踐中最常使用Log4j的方法和步驟。在強(qiáng)調(diào)可重用組件開發(fā)的今天，相信Log4j將會給廣大的設(shè)計開發(fā)人員帶來方便。加入到Log4j的隊伍來吧！



 


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一個簡單的例子


我們先來看一個簡單的例子，它是一個用Java實現(xiàn)的客戶/服務(wù)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)程序。剛開始我們不使用Log4j，而是使用了一系列的打印語句，然后我們將使用Log4j來實現(xiàn)它的日志功能。這樣，大家就可以清楚地比較出前后兩個代碼的差別。

2.1. 不使用Log4j


2.1.1. 客戶程序 


package log4j ;

import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;

/**
 *
 * <p> Client Without Log4j </p>
 * <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class ClientWithoutLog4j {

    /**
     *
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main ( String args [] ) {

        String welcome = null;
        String response = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        PrintWriter writer = null;
        InputStream in = null;
        OutputStream out = null;
        Socket client = null;

        try {
            client = new Socket ( "localhost", 8001 ) ;
            System.out.println ( "info: Client socket: " + client ) ;
            in = client.getInputStream () ;
            out = client.getOutputStream () ;
        } catch ( IOException e ) {
            System.out.println ( "error: IOException : " + e ) ;
            System.exit ( 0 ) ;
        }

        try{
            reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
            writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ), true ) ;

            welcome = reader.readLine () ;
            System.out.println ( "debug: Server says: '" + welcome + "'" ) ;

            System.out.println ( "debug: HELLO" ) ;
            writer.println ( "HELLO" ) ;
            response = reader.readLine () ;
            System.out.println ( "debug: Server responds: '" + response + "'") ;

            System.out.println ( "debug: HELP" ) ;
            writer.println ( "HELP" ) ;
            response = reader.readLine () ;
            System.out.println ( "debug: Server responds: '" + response + "'" ) ;

            System.out.println ( "debug: QUIT" ) ;
            writer.println ( "QUIT" ) ;
        } catch ( IOException e ) {
            System.out.println ( "warn: IOException in client.in.readln()" ) ;
            System.out.println ( e ) ;
        }
        try{
            Thread.sleep ( 2000 ) ;
        } catch ( Exception ignored ) {}
    }
}
 


2.1.2. 服務(wù)器程序 


package log4j ;

import java.util.* ;
import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;

/**
 *
 * <p> Server Without Log4j </p>
 * <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class ServerWithoutLog4j {

    final static int SERVER_PORT = 8001 ; // this server's port

    /**
     *
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main ( String args [] ) {
        String clientRequest = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        PrintWriter writer = null;
        ServerSocket server = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream in = null;
        OutputStream out = null;

        try {
            server = new ServerSocket ( SERVER_PORT ) ;
            System.out.println ( "info: ServerSocket before accept: " + server ) ;
            System.out.println ( "info: Java server without log4j, on-line!" ) ;

            // wait for client's connection
            socket = server.accept () ;
            System.out.println ( "info: ServerSocket after accept: " + server )  ;

            in = socket.getInputStream () ;
            out = socket.getOutputStream () ;

        } catch ( IOException e ) {
            System.out.println( "error: Server constructor IOException: " + e ) ;
            System.exit ( 0 ) ;
        }
        reader = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
        writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ) , true ) ;

        // send welcome string to client
        writer.println ( "Java server without log4j, " + new Date () ) ;

        while ( true ) {
            try {
                // read from client
                clientRequest = reader.readLine () ;
                System.out.println ( "debug: Client says: " + clientRequest ) ;
                if ( clientRequest.startsWith ( "HELP" ) ) {
                    System.out.println ( "debug: OK!" ) ;
                    writer.println ( "Vocabulary: HELP QUIT" ) ;
                }
                else {
                    if ( clientRequest.startsWith ( "QUIT" ) ) {
                        System.out.println ( "debug: OK!" ) ;
                        System.exit ( 0 ) ;
                    }
                    else{
                        System.out.println ( "warn: Command '" + 
						clientRequest + "' not understood." ) ;
                        writer.println ( "Command '" + clientRequest 
						+ "' not understood." ) ;
                    }
                }
            } catch ( IOException e ) {
                System.out.println ( "error: IOException in Server " + e ) ;
                System.exit ( 0 ) ;
            }
        }
    }
}
 


2.2. 遷移到Log4j


2.2.1. 客戶程序 


package log4j ;

import java.io.* ;
import java.net.* ;

// add for log4j: import some package
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator ;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger ;
import org.apache.log4j.Level ;

/**
 *
 * <p> Client With Log4j </p>
 * <p> Description: a sample with log4j</p>
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class ClientWithLog4j {

    /*
    add for log4j: class Logger is the central class in the log4j package.
    we can do most logging operations by Logger except configuration.
    getLogger(...): retrieve a logger by name, if not then create for it.
    */
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger 
	( ClientWithLog4j.class.getName () ) ;

    /**
     *
     * @param args : configuration file name
     */
    public static void main ( String args [] ) {

        String welcome = null ;
        String response = null ;
        BufferedReader reader = null ;
        PrintWriter writer = null ;
        InputStream in = null ;
        OutputStream out = null ;
        Socket client = null ;

        /*
        add for log4j: class BasicConfigurator can quickly configure the package.
        print the information to console.
        */
        PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "ClientWithLog4j.properties" ) ;

        // add for log4j: set the level
//        logger.setLevel ( ( Level ) Level.DEBUG ) ;

        try{
            client = new Socket( "localhost" , 8001 ) ;

            // add for log4j: log a message with the info level
            logger.info ( "Client socket: " + client ) ;

            in = client.getInputStream () ;
            out = client.getOutputStream () ;
        } catch ( IOException e ) {

            // add for log4j: log a message with the error level
            logger.error ( "IOException : " + e ) ;

            System.exit ( 0 ) ;
        }

        try{
            reader = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( in ) ) ;
            writer = new PrintWriter ( new OutputStreamWriter ( out ), true ) ;

            welcome = reader.readLine () ;

            // add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
            logger.debug ( "Server says: '" + welcome + "'" ) ;

            // add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
            logger.debug ( "HELLO" ) ;

            writer.println ( "HELLO" ) ;
            response = reader.readLine () ;

            // add for log4j: log a message with the debug level
            logger.debug ( "Server responds: '" + response + "'" ) ;

            // add for log4j: log a message with the debug level