%% Incorporating Gray Coding
% This example,aims to solve the following
% problem:
% Modify the modulation example (COMMDOC_MOD) so that it uses
% a Gray-coded signal constellation.

%% Setup
% Define parameters.
M = 16; % Size of signal constellation
k = log2(M); % Number of bits per symbol
n = 3e4; % Number of bits to process
nsamp = 1; % Oversampling rate

%% Signal Source
% Create a binary data stream as a column vector.
x = randint(n,1); % Random binary data stream
%% Bit-to-Symbol Mapping
% Convert the bits in x into k-bit symbols, using
% Gray coding.
% A. Define a vector for mapping bits to symbols using
% Gray coding. The vector is specific to the arrangement
% of points in a 16-QAM constellation.
mapping = [0 1 3 2 4 5 7 6 12 13 15 14 8 9 11 10].';

% B. Do ordinary binary-to-decimal mapping.
xsym = bi2de(reshape(x,k,length(x)/k).','left-msb');

% C. Map from binary coding to Gray coding.
xsym = mapping(xsym+1);

%% Modulation
% Modulate using 16-QAM.
y = modulate(modem.qammod(M),xsym);

%% Filter Definition
% Define filter-related parameters.
filtorder = 40; % Filter order
delay = filtorder/(nsamp*2); % Group delay (# of input samples)
rolloff = 0.25; % Rolloff factor of filter
% Create a square root raised cosine filter.
rrcfilter = rcosine(1,nsamp,'fir/sqrt',rolloff,delay);

% Plot impulse response.
figure; impz(rrcfilter,1);
%% Transmitted Signal
% Upsample and apply square root raised cosine filter.
ytx = rcosflt(y,1,nsamp,'filter',rrcfilter);

% Create eye diagram for part of filtered signal.
eyediagram(ytx(1:2000),nsamp*2);
%% Channel
% Send signal over an AWGN channel.
EbNo = 10; % In dB
snr = EbNo + 10*log10(k) - 10*log10(nsamp);
ynoisy = awgn(ytx,snr,'measured');

%% Received Signal
yrx = ynoisy;

%% Scatter Plot
% Create scatter plot of noisy signal and transmitted
% signal on the same axes.
h = scatterplot(yrx(1:nsamp*5e3),nsamp,0,'g.');
hold on;
scatterplot(ytx(1:5e3),1,0,'k*',h);
title('Received Signal');
legend('Received Signal','Signal Constellation');
axis([-5 5 -5 5]); % Set axis ranges.
hold off;
%% Received Signal
% Filter received signal using square root raised cosine filter.
yrx = rcosflt(ynoisy,1,nsamp,'Fs/filter',rrcfilter);
yrx = downsample(yrx,nsamp); % Downsample.
yrx = yrx(2*delay+1:end-2*delay); % Account for delay.

%% Demodulation
% Demodulate signal using 16-QAM.
zsym = demodulate(modem.qamdemod(M),yrx);

%% Symbol-to-Bit Mapping
% Undo the bit-to-symbol mapping performed earlier.

% A. Define a vector that inverts the mapping operation.
[dummy demapping] = sort(mapping);
% Initially, demapping has values between 1 and M.
% Subtract 1 to obtain values between 0 and M-1.
demapping = demapping - 1;

% B. Map between Gray and binary coding.
zsym = demapping(zsym+1);

% C. Do ordinary decimal-to-binary mapping.
z = de2bi(zsym,'left-msb');
% Convert z from a matrix to a vector.
z = reshape(z.',prod(size(z)),1);

%% BER Computation
% Compare x and z to obtain the number of errors and
% the bit error rate.
[number_of_errors,bit_error_rate] = biterr(x,z)