?? unx42.htm
字號:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>UNIX Unleashed unx42.htm</TITLE>
<LINK REL="ToC" HREF="index.htm">
<LINK REL="Next" HREF="unx43.htm">
<LINK REL="Previous" HREF="unx41.htm"></HEAD>
<BODY TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" bgcolor=white>
<P><A HREF="unx41.htm"><IMG SRC="bluprev.gif" WIDTH = 32 HEIGHT = 32 BORDER = 0 ALT="Previous Page"></A>
<A HREF="index.htm"><IMG SRC="blutoc.gif" WIDTH = 32 HEIGHT = 32 BORDER = 0 ALT="TOC"></A>
<A HREF="unx43.htm"><IMG SRC="blunext.gif" WIDTH = 32 HEIGHT = 32 BORDER = 0 ALT="Next Page"></A>
<A HREF="index.htm"><IMG SRC="bluprev.gif" WIDTH = 32 HEIGHT = 32 BORDER = 0 ALT="Home"></A>
</P><UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I1">42 — News Administration</A></LI>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I3">By Jeff Smith</A></LI></UL></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I4">Introduction</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I5">Additional Sources of Information</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I6">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Documents</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I7">News Transport Software Documentation</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I8">Request for Comments (RFC) Documents</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I9">USENET Newsgroups</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I10">A Functional Overview of News Systems and Their Software</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I11">Format of News Articles</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I12">Newsgroup Hierarchies</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I13">Newsgroup Distributions</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I14">Where News Articles Live</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I15">The User Interface—Newsreaders and Posting Programs</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I16">The News Overview Database (NOV)</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I17">Sharing News Over the Network</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I18">Transferring News to Other Hosts</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I19">Host-to-host News-Transport Protocols</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I20">News-Transport System Configuration Files</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I21">Planning a News System</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I22">Do You Really Want to Be a USENET Site?</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I23">Shared News versus One News Spool Per Host</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I24">Isolating the News Spool</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I25">Configuring Your News Spool's File System</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I26">Where Will You Get Your News?</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I27">Site Policies</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I28">Expiration Policies</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I29">Automatic Response to newgroup/rmgroup Control Messages</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I30">The ABCs of News-Transport Software</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I31">Getting Your Hands on the Sources</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I32">An INN Distribution Roadmap</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I33">Learning About INN</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I34">Configuring INN—The config.data File</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I35">Building INN</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I36">Installing INN</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I37">Site Configuration</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I38">System Startup Scripts and news cron Jobs</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I39">Miscellaneous Final Tasks</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I40">Checking Your Installation and Problem Solving</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I41">Getting Help</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I42">Summary</A></LI></UL></UL></UL>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I1" NAME="I1">
<FONT SIZE=5><A ID="I2" NAME="I2"></A><B>42 — News Administration</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H2>
<H5 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I3" NAME="I3">
<FONT SIZE=3><B>By Jeff Smith</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H5>
<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I4" NAME="I4">
<FONT SIZE=4><B>Introduction</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H3>
<P>USENET is the name of what is almost certainly the world's largest electronic bulletin board system (BBS). It's a loose conglomeration of computers that run operating systems ranging from MS-DOS to UNIX and VM/CMS, and that exchange articles through
UUCP, the Internet, and other networks. USENET is also probably the largest experiment to date with creative anarchy—there is no central authority or control, and anyone can join who runs the appropriate software and who can find a host already on the
network with which to exchange news.
<BR></P>
<P>The lenient requirements for membership, the wide variety of computers able to run USENET software, and the tremendous growth of the Internet have combined to make USENET big. How big? No one really knows how many hosts and users participate, but the
volume of news will give you some idea. A recent estimate (March 1994) in the "How to become a USENET site" Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document suggests 3,500 MB of news per month, which works out to an average of more than 100 MB per day.
(See Table 42.1.) The same FAQ goes on to point out that a full newsfeed over a 14.4KB modem takes about 15 hours a day, and that's when data compression is used. To make matters worse, some people estimate that news volume is doubling every 12 months.
<BR></P>
<P>This huge volume can cause problems if you're the system administrator, because the amount of disk space used for news may vary a lot, and quickly. You might think you've got plenty of space in your news system when you leave on Friday night, but then
you get a call in the wee hours of Sunday morning telling you that the news file system is full. If you've planned poorly, it might take more important things with it—such as e-mail, system logging, or accounting (see "Isolating the News
Spool" later in this chapter to avoid that problem). This chapter (and good planning) will help you avoid some (but not all) of the late-night calls.
<BR></P>
<P>The chapter begins with some pointers on finding additional sources of information. Some information is included on the UNIX Unleashed CD-ROM, some is available on the Internet, and some (from the technical newsgroups) you'll be able to apply only after
you get your news system running.
<BR></P>
<P>The examples in this chapter assume you have an Internet site running the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP). If your networking capabilities are limited to the UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program (UUCP), you're mostly on your own. Although some of the general
information given here will still apply, UUCP is a pain and the economics of a full news feed make Internet access more and more attractive every day. If your site isn't on the Internet but you want to receive news, it might be time to talk to your local
Internet service provider. You may find it cheaper to pay Internet access fees than 15-hour-per-day phone bills. If your site's news needs aren't too great, it may even be more economical to buy USENET access from an Internet service provider. (See the
section "Do You Really Want to Be a USENET Site?" later in this chapter.)
<BR></P>
<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I5" NAME="I5">
<FONT SIZE=4><B>Additional Sources of Information</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H3>
<P>News software is inherently complex. This chapter can only begin to give you the information you need to successfully maintain a USENET site. The following sources of additional information will help you fill in the gaps.
<BR></P>
<H4 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I6" NAME="I6">
<FONT SIZE=3><B>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Documents</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H4>
<P>In many USENET newsgroups, especially the technical ones, similar questions are repeated as new participants join the group. To avoid answering the same questions over and over, volunteers collect these prototypical questions (and the answers) into
FAQs. The FAQs are posted periodically to that newsgroup and to the newsgroup news.answers. Many FAQs are also available through the Internet file transfer protocol (ftp), through e-mail servers, or through other information services such as Gopher, Wide
Area Information Service (WAIS) and World Wide Web (WWW).
<BR></P>
<P>You should read the FAQs in the following list after you've read this chapter and before you install your news system. All of them are available on the host rtfm.mit.edu in subdirectories of the directory pub/usenet/news.answers.
<BR></P>
<TABLE BORDER>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>usenet-software/part1
<BR></P>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>History of USENET; a gloss on software for transporting, reading, and posting news, including packages for non-UNIX operating systems (such as, VMS, MS-DOS).
<BR></P>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>site-setup
<BR></P>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>Guidance on how to join USENET.
<BR></P>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>news/software/b/intro
<BR></P>
<TD>
<P>
<BR>A short introduction to the newsgroup news.software.b.
<BR></P>
<TR>
?? 快捷鍵說明
復制代碼
Ctrl + C
搜索代碼
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切換主題
Ctrl + Shift + D
顯示快捷鍵
?
增大字號
Ctrl + =
減小字號
Ctrl + -