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<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I1">46 — Graphical User Interfaces for End Users</A></LI>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I3">By Kamran Husain</A></LI></UL></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I4">What Is a GUI?</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I5">X Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I6">Displays, Screens, and Windows</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I7">Stacking Order</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I8">Pointers in X</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I9">The Client/Server Architecture</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I10">Introduction to Window Managers</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I11">Getting Started with X Window</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I12">Using xdm</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I13">The Hard Way to Start X</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I14">Working with Motif Windows in mwm</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I15">Using the Pointer</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I16">Icons and Windows</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I17">Iconifying a Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I18">Maximizing a Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I19">Sizing a Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I20">Focus and Selecting a Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I21">Moving a Window or an Icon</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I22">Adding a New Window</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I23">Window Geometry</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I24">Using the Window Menu</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I25">Using the Keyboard and the Meta Key in X</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I26">Using the root Menu</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I27">Working with Motif Clients</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I28">Other Types of Widgets</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I29">XmDialogShell</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I30">XmMenuShell</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I31">VendorShell</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I32">Other Display Widgets</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I33">XmArrowButton</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I34">XmDrawnButton</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I35">XmLabel</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I36">XmPushButton</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I37">XmSeparator</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I38">XmText</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I39">Pull-down Menus</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I40">Pop-Up Menus</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I41">Xmscale</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I42">XmScrolledWindow</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I43">XmFrame</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I44">XmRowColumn</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I45">Gadgets</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I46">Customizing with Resources</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I47">What Are Resources?</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I48">Defining Resources</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I49">User and Class Resource Files</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I50">Customizing mwm</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I51">Hard Coding Resource Setting</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I52">Using the Command Line</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I53">Using Environment Variables</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I54">Listing an Application's Resources</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I55">Using the .mwmrc File</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I56">Adding Your Own Menu Items</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I57">More on Button and Key Bindings</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I58">Customizing Your Desktop with Clients</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I59">xsetroot</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I60">Using xset</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I61">Invoking the Screen Saver</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I62">Using Fonts</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I63">Getting More Information About Your Display xdpyinfo</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I64">Help for Left-handed Users xmodmap</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I65">Useful Command Line Options</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I66">Logging In to Remote Machines</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I67">Colors</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I68">Fonts</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I69">Using xlsfonts</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I70">Using xfontsel</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I71">Future Enhancements in X11R6</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I72">GUI Front Ends to UNIX</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I73">Motif</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I74">Sun MicroSystems OPEN LOOK and OLIT</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I75">COSE and CDE</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I76">Other GUI Vendors</A></LI></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I77">Porting Non-Motif Applications to Motif</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I78">Where to Go from Here</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I79">Summary</A></LI>
<LI>
<A HREF="#I80">Acknowledgements</A></LI></UL></UL></UL>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I1" NAME="I1">
<FONT SIZE=5><A ID="I2" NAME="I2"></A><B>46 — Graphical User Interfaces for End Users</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H2>
<H5 ALIGN="CENTER">
<CENTER><A ID="I3" NAME="I3">
<FONT SIZE=3><B>By Kamran Husain</B>
<BR></FONT></A></CENTER></H5>
<P>In this chapter you will do the following:
<BR></P>
<UL>
<LI>Learn about major components of a graphical user interface. Along the way you will get a brief history lesson on X Windows.
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Learn the major concepts required for using X Windows. This will introduce displays, windows, screens, and the client server architecture in X.
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Start an X Windows session from logging in and using the X Windows Manager (xdm) display manager.
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Get an introduction to window managers, specifically the Motif Window Manager (mwm).
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Learn to move about in mwm windows with the keyboard and mouse.
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Use widgets and the characteristics of these widgets.
<BR>
<BR></LI>
<LI>Customize your desktop with resource files and client applications.
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