/*
*
* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT): Two-dimensional Fortran numerical array
*
* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
* National Institute of Technology,
* Gaithersburg, MD USA
*
*
* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
*
*/



#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H
#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>

#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
#include <assert.h>
#endif

#include "tnt_array2d.h"

namespace TNT
{

/**
	Templated two-dimensional, numerical array which
	looks like a conventional Fortran array.  This is 
	useful when integrating with C/C++ codes translated
	from Fortran.  Storage corresponds to conventional Fortran ordering.
	That is, the left-most dimension varies fastest.
	Indexing is via the A(i,j) notation and A(1,1)
	is the first element.
	
	<p>
	Array assignment is by reference (i.e. shallow assignment).
	That is, B=A implies that the A and B point to the
	same array, so modifications to the elements of A
	will be reflected in B. If an independent copy
	is required, then B = A.copy() can be used.  Note
	that this facilitates returning arrays from functions
	without relying on compiler optimizations to eliminate
	extensive data copying.

	<p>
	This class employs its own garbage collection via
	the use of reference counts.  That is, whenever
	an internal array storage no longer has any references
	to it, it is destoryed.
*/
template <class T>
class Fortran_Array2D 
{


  private: 
  		/* For an (mxn) array, we internally keep an (nxm) "transposed"
		   C array and access A(i,j) as A[j-1][i-1].  The "-1" operation
		   is inlined in a tight loop and should be easily optimized.
		*/
  		Array2D<T> A_;

  public:

    typedef         T   value_type;

	       Fortran_Array2D();
	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n);
	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n,  T *a);
	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, const T &a);
    inline Fortran_Array2D(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
	inline Fortran_Array2D & operator=(const T &a);
	inline Fortran_Array2D & operator=(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
	inline Fortran_Array2D & ref(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
	       Fortran_Array2D copy();
		   Fortran_Array2D & inject(const Fortran_Array2D & A);
	inline T& operator()(int i, int j);
	inline const T& operator()(int i, int j) const ;
	inline int dim1() const;
	inline int dim2() const;
	inline int ref_count() const;
               ~Fortran_Array2D();


};

/**
	Create a null (0x0x0) array.  
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D() : A_() {}


/**
	Copy constructor. Array data is NOT copied, but shared.
	Thus, in Fortran_Array2D B(A), subsequent changes to A will
	be reflected in B.  For an indepent copy of A, use
	Fortran_Array2D B(A.copy()), or B = A.copy(), instead.
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A) : A_(A.A_) {}



/**
	Create a new (m x n) array, WIHOUT initializing array elements.
	To create an initialized array of constants, see Fortran_Array2D(m,n, value).

	<p>
	This version avoids the O(m*n) initialization overhead and
	is used just before manual assignment.

	@param m the first dimension of the new matrix.
	@param n the second dimension of the new matrix.
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n) : A_(n,m) {}



/**
	Create a new (m x n ) array,  initializing array elements to
	constant specified by argument.  Most often used to
	create an array of zeros, as in A(m, n, k, 0.0).

	@param m the first dimension of the new matrix.
	@param n the second dimension of the new matrix.
	@param val the constant value to set all elements of the new array to.
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, const T &val) : A_(n, m, val) {}


/**

	Create a new (m x n) array,  as a view of an existing one-dimensional
	C array, with elements stored in <b>Fortran order</b>, i.e. right-most dimension
	varying fastest. (Often referred to as "column-major" ordering.)
	Note that the storage for this pre-existing array will
	never be garbage collected by the Fortran_Array2D class.


	@param m the first dimension of the new matrix.
	@param n the second dimension of the new matrix.
	@param a the one dimensional C array to use as data storage for
		the array. 
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, T *a) : A_(n, m, a) {}




/**
	Elements are accessed via A(i,j) indexing.  
	
	If TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK macro is defined, the indices 
	are checked that they falls within the array bounds (via the
	assert() macro.) 
*/
template <class T>
inline T& Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator()(int i, int j) 
{ 
#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
	assert(j >= 1);
	assert(j <= A_.dim1());
	assert(i >= 1);
	assert(i <= A_.dim2());
#endif

	return A_[j-1][i-1]; 

}

/**
	Read-only version of A(i,j) indexing.  
	
	If TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK macro is defined, the indices 
	are checked that they falls within the array bounds (via the
	assert() macro.) 
*/
template <class T>
inline const T& Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator()(int i, int j)  const
{ 
#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
	assert(j >= 1);
	assert(j <= A_.dim1());
	assert(i >= 1);
	assert(i <= A_.dim2());
#endif

	return A_[j-1][i-1]; 

}


/**
	Assign all elemnts of A to a constant scalar.
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
{
	A_ = a;
	return *this;
}
/**
	Create a new of existing matrix.  Used in B = A.copy()
	or in the construction of B, e.g. Fortran_Array2D B(A.copy()), 
	to create a new array that does not share data.

*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T> Fortran_Array2D<T>::copy()
{

	Fortran_Array2D B;
	
	B.A_= A_.copy();
	return B;
}


/**
	Copy the elements to from one array to another, in place.
	That is B.inject(A), both A and B must conform (i.e. have
	identical dimensions).

	This differs from B = A.copy() in that references to B
	before this assignment are also affected.  That is, if
	we have 
	<pre>
	Fortran_Array2D A(m,n);
	Fortran_Array2D C(m,n);
	Fortran_Array2D B(C);        // elements of B and C are shared. 

</pre>
	then B.inject(A) affects both and C, while B=A.copy() creates
	a new array B which shares no data with C or A.

	@param A the array from elements will be copied
	@return an instance of the modifed array. That is, in B.inject(A),
	it returns B.  If A and B are not conformat, no modifications to 
	B are made.

*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::inject(const Fortran_Array2D &A)
{
	A_.inject(A.A_);

	return *this;
}





/**
	Create a reference (shallow assignment) to another existing array.
	In B.ref(A), B and A shared the same data and subsequent changes
	to the array elements of one will be reflected in the other.
	<p>
	This is what operator= calls, and B=A and B.ref(A) are equivalent
	operations.

	@return The new referenced array: in B.ref(A), it returns B.
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::ref(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
{
	A_.ref(A.A_);
	return *this;
}

/**
	B = A is shorthand notation for B.ref(A).
*/
template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator=(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
{
	return ref(A);
}

/**
	@return the size of the first dimension of the array.
*/
template <class T>
inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::dim1() const { return A_.dim2(); }

/**
	@return the size of the second dimension of the array.
*/
template <class T>
inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::dim2() const { return A_.dim1(); }



/**
	@return the number of arrays that share the same storage area
	as this one.  (Must be at least one.)
*/
template <class T>
inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::ref_count() const { return A_.ref_count(); }

template <class T>
Fortran_Array2D<T>::~Fortran_Array2D()
{
}




} /* namespace TNT */

#endif
/* TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H */