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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html> <head> <title>Extension structure</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> </head> <body><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="internals2.buildsys.configwin.html">Talking to the Windows build system: config.w32</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="internals2.structure.basics.html">Basic constructs</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="internals2.html">PHP at the Core: A Hacker's Guide to the Zend Engine</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div></div><hr /><div> <h1>Extension structure</h1><h2>Table of Contents</h2><ul class="chunklist chunklist_chapter"><li><a href="internals2.structure.basics.html">Basic constructs</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.modstruct.html">The zend_module structure</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.globals.html">Extension globals</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.lifecycle.html">Life cycle of an extension</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.tests.html">Testing an extension</a></li></ul> <p class="para"> Many extension-writing guides focus on simple examples first and ignore the requirements of more complex implementations until later. Often such guides must repeat themselves over and over in order to describe these new features. This section describes extension structure from the perspective of a mature, practical implementation, in order to prepare users for needs and issues they will almost always encounter in the process of extension development. </p> <div id="internals2.structure.files" class="sect1"> <h2 class="title">Files which make up an extension</h2> <p class="para"> Whether created by hand, using <strong class="command">ext_skel</strong>, or by an alternate extension generator, such as <a href="http://codegenerators.php-baustelle.de/" class="link external">» CodeGen</a>, all extensions will have at least four files: </p> <dl> <dt> <span class="term"><var class="filename">config.m4</var></span> <dd> <p class="para"> UNIX build system configuration (see <a href="internals2.buildsys.configunix.html" class="xref">Talking to the UNIX build system: config.m4</a>) </p> </dd> </dt> <dt> <span class="term"><var class="filename">config.w32</var></span> <dd> <p class="para"> Windows buildsystem configuration (see <a href="internals2.buildsys.configwin.html" class="xref">Talking to the Windows build system: config.w32</a>) </p> </dd> </dt> <dt> <span class="term"><var class="filename">php_counter.h</var></span> <dd> <p class="para"> When building an extension as static module into the PHP binary the build system expects a header file with <i>php_</i> prepended to the extension name which includes a declaration for a pointer to the extension's module structure. This file usually contains additional macros, prototypes, and globals, just like any header. </p> </dd> </dt> <dt> <span class="term"><var class="filename">counter.c</var></span> <dd> <p class="para"> Main extension source file. By convention, the name of this file is the extension name, but this is not a requirement. This file contains the module structure declaration, INI entries, management functions, userspace functions, and other requirements of an extension. </p> </dd> </dt> </dl> <p class="para"> The buildsystem files are discussed elsewhere; this section concentrates on the rest. These four files make up the bare minimum for an extension, which may also contain any number of headers, source files, unit tests, and other support files. The list of files in the counter extension might look like this: </p> <div class="example" id="internals2.structure.files.ex1" name="internals2.structure.files.ex1"> <p><b>Example #1 Files in the counter extension, in no particular order</b></p> <div class="example-contents"><pre><div class="cdata"><pre>ext/ counter/ .cvsignore config.m4 config.w32 counter_util.h counter_util.c php_counter.h counter.c package.xml CREDITS tests/ critical_function_001.phpt critical_function_002.phpt optional_function_001.phpt optional_function_002.phpt</pre></div> </pre></div> </div> <div id="internals2.structure.files.misc-files" class="sect2"> <h3 class="title">Non-source files</h3> <p class="para"> The <var class="filename">.cvsignore</var> file is used for extensions which are checked into one of the PHP <strong class="command">CVS</strong> repositories (usually <a href="http://pecl.php.net/" class="link external">» PECL</a>); the one generated by <strong class="command">ext_skel</strong> contains: </p> <div class="informalexample"> <div class="example-contents"><div class="cdata"><pre>.deps*.lo*.la</pre></div> </div> </div> <p class="para"> These lines tell <strong class="command">CVS</strong> to ignore interim files generated by the PHP buildsystem. This is only a convenience, and can be omitted completely without ill effect. </p> <p class="para"> The <var class="filename">CREDITS</var> file lists the contributors and/or maintainers of the extension in plain text format. The main purpose of this file is generating the credits information for bundled extensions as used by <a href="function.phpcredits.html" class="function">phpcredits()</a>. By convention the first line of the file should hold the name of the extension, the second a comma separated list of contributors. The contributors are usually ordered by the chronological order of their contributions. In a <a href="http://pecl.php.net/" class="link external">» PECL</a> package, this information is already maintained in <var class="filename">package.xml</var>, for example. This is another file which can be omitted without ill effect. </p> <p class="para"> The <var class="filename">package.xml</var> file is specific to <a href="http://pecl.php.net/" class="link external">» PECL</a>-based extensions; it is a metainformation file which gives details about an extension's dependencies, authors, installation requirements, and other tidbits. In an extension not being hosted in <a href="http://pecl.php.net/" class="link external">» PECL</a>, this file is extraneous. </p> </div> </div> </div><hr /><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="internals2.buildsys.configwin.html">Talking to the Windows build system: config.w32</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="internals2.structure.basics.html">Basic constructs</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="internals2.html">PHP at the Core: A Hacker's Guide to the Zend Engine</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div></div></body></html>?? 快捷鍵說明
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