?? sec6-1.htm
字號:
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>塊數據單元</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>在命名的公共塊中提供變量初始值的程序單元</span></p>
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
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mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>模塊</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:0cm;mso-char-indent-count:
0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:21.0pt 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><span lang=ZH-CN>包含數據對象定義、類型定義、函數或子程序接口和其它程序可訪問的函數或子程序</span></p>
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<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-top:6.0pt;line-height:17.0pt;
mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>程序單元之間的關系有：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 49.65pt left 89.4pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:fuchsia'>聯合</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>：這種機制允許不同的程序單元共享變量，從而不用重新定義變量就可以以不同的名字處理同一數據。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='margin-left:49.65pt;text-indent:-24.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 49.65pt left 89.4pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:0cm'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'><img width=13 height=13 src="Sec6-1.files/image001.gif"
alt="*"><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:fuchsia'>范圍</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>：它描述的是一個名稱</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span lang=ZH-CN>或者是全局的或者是局部的</span><span
lang=EN-US>)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>作用的范圍。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><a
name="第6_1_2"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:楷體_GB2312'>6.1.2</span></a><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷體_GB2312'>
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:楷體_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>主程序</span><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷體_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>程序的執行始終是開始于主程序的第一條可執行語句，所以每個完整的</span><span
lang=EN-US>Fortran</span><span lang=ZH-CN>程序<span class=GramE>必須有且僅有</span>一個主程序。其形式為：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:73.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.12;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[PROGRAM [</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='color:#FF9900'>程序名</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>說明部分</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>可執行部分</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:73.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.12;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[CONTAINS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>內部過程</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:73.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.12;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>END [PROGRAM[</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='color:#FF9900'>程序名</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]]</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>可以看到，主程序單元中允許包含內部過程。主程序名和外部過程名和公共塊名都被認為是<span
style='color:fuchsia'>全局名稱</span>。全局名稱在一個程序中必須是唯一的。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:50.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
4.2;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>PROGRAM </span><st1:place><span
lang=EN-US>MAIN</span></st1:place><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>REAL <span class=GramE>X(</span>10),A(10,10),B(10)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>說明部分</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>…</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>CALL <span class=GramE>GAUSS(</span>A,B,X)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>執行部分，調用內部過程</span><span lang=EN-US>GAUSS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:73.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.12;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>CONTAINS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>SUBROUTINE GAUSS(R<span class=GramE>,S,T</span>)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>內部過程的開始</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>…</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:99.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
8.32;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>END SUBROUTINE GAUSS<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>!</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>內部過程的結束</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:73.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.12;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>EHD PROGRAM </span><st1:place><span lang=EN-US>MAIN</span></st1:place></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>下圖顯示的是一個</span><span lang=EN-US>F90</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>程序的標準結構。<span class=GramE>每個框都可以</span>是一個獨立的源文件：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Program A1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:20.4pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Use module A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:20.4pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Call B<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Contains<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:20.4pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>內部子程序</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:20.4pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或內部函數</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>End Program A1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Module A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Contains<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:27.0pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>模塊子程序</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-indent:27.0pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>或函數</span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Subroutine B<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>(</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>外部子程序</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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