......................................................................    ......................................................................    .                        The Bell Glossary -                        ..    .                               by                                  ..    .                         /X<X     /X<X                             ..    .                        </X>X>ad </X>X>arvin                       ..    ......................................................................    ......................................................................ACD: Automatic Call Distributor - A system that automatically distributes callsto operator pools (providing services such as intercept and directoryassistance), to airline ticket agents, etc.Administration: The tasks of record-keeping, monitoring, rearranging,prediction need for growth, etc.AIS: Automatic Intercept System - A system employing an audio-response unitunder control of a processor to automatically provide pertinent info to callersrouted to intercept.Alert: To indicate the existence of an incoming call, (ringing).ANI: Automatic Number Identification - Often pronounced "Annie," a facility forautomatically identify the number of the calling party for charging purposes.Appearance: A connection upon a network terminal, as in "the line has twonetwork appearances."Attend: The operation of monitoring a line or an incoming trunk for off-hook orseizure, respectively.Audible: The subdued "image" of ringing transmitted to the calling party duringringing; not derived from the actual ringing signal in later systems.Backbone Route: The route made up of final-group trunks between end offices indifferent regional center areas.BHC: Busy Hour Calls - The number of calls placed in the busy hour.Blocking: The ratio of unsuccessful to total attempts to use a facility;expresses as a probability when computed a priority.Blocking Network: A network that, under certain conditions, may be unable toform a transmission path from one end of the network to the other. In general,all networks used within the Bell Systems are of the blocking type.Blue Box: Equipment used fraudulently to synthesize signals, gaining access tothe toll network for the placement of calls without charge.BORSCHT Circuit: A name for the line circuit in the central office. Itfunctions as a mnemonic for the functions that must be performed by thecircuit: Battery, Overvoltage, Ringing, Supervision, Coding, Hybrid, andTesting.Busy Signal: (Called-line-busy) An audible signal which, in the Bell System,comprises 480hz and 620hz interrupted at 60IPM.Bylink: A special high-speed means used in crossbar equipment for routing calls                                    Page 6                        The Official Phreaker's Manualincoming from a step-by-step office. Trunks from such offices are oftenreferred to as "bylink" trunks even when incoming to noncrossbar offices; theyare more properly referred to as "dc incoming trunks." Such high-speed meansare necessary to assure that the first incoming pulse is not lost.Cable Vault: The point which phone cable enters the Central Office building.CAMA: Centralized Automatic Message Accounting - Pronounced like Alabama.CCIS: Common Channel Interoffice Signaling - Signaling information for trunkconnections over a separate, nonspeech data link rather that over the trunksthemselves.CCITT: International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee- AnInternational committee that formulates plans and sets standards forintercountry communication means.CDO: Community Dial Office - A small usually rural office typically served bystep-by-step equipment.CO: Central Office - Comprises a switching network and its control and supportequipment. Occasionally improperly used to mean "office code."Centrex: A service comparable in features to PBX service but implemented withsome (Centrex CU) or all (Centrex CO) of the control in the central office. Inthe later case, each station's loop connects to the central office.Customer Loop: The wire pair connecting a customer's station to the centraloffice.DDD: Direct Distance Dialing - Dialing without operator assistance over thenationwide intertoll network.Direct Trunk Group: A trunk group that is a direct connection between a givenoriginating and a given terminating office.EOTT: End Office Toll Trunking - Trunking between end offices in different tollcenter areas.ESB: Emergency Service Bureau - A centralized agency to which 911 "universal"emergency calls are routed.ESS: Electronic Switching System - A generic term used to identify as a class,stored-program switching systems such as the Bell System's No.1 No.2, No.3,No.4, or No.5.ETS: Electronic Translation Systems - An electronic replacement for the cardtranslator in 4A Crossbar systems. Makes use of the SPC 1A Processor.False Start: An aborted dialing attempt.Fast Busy: (often called reorder) - An audible busy signal interrupted at twicethe rate of the normal busy signal; sent to the originating station to indicatethat the call blocked due to busy equipment.Final Trunk Group: The trunk group to which calls are routed when availablehigh-usage trunks overflow; these groups generally "home" on an office nexthighest in the hierarchy.                                    Page 7                        The Official Phreaker's ManualFull Group: A trunk group that does not permit rerouting off-contingent foreigntraffic; there are seven such offices.Glare: The situation that occurs when a two-way trunk is seized more or lesssimultaneously at both ends.High Usage Trunk Group: The appellation for a trunk group that has alternateroutes via other similar groups, and ultimately via a final trunk group to ahigher ranking office.Intercept: The agency (usually an operator) to which calls are routed when madeto a line recently removed from a service, or in some other category requiringanother station, such as an Emergence Interrupt.Junctor: A wire or circuit connection between networks in the same office. Thefunctional equivalent to an intraoffice trunk.MF: Multifrequency - The method of signaling over a trunk making use of thesimultaneous application of two out of six possible frequencies.NPA: Numbering Plan Area.ONI: Operator Number Identification - The use of an operator in a CAMA officeto verbally obtain the calling number of a call originating in an office notequipped with ANI.PBX: Private Branch Exchange - (PABX: Private Automatic Branch Exchange) Antelephone office serving a private customer, Typically , access to the outsidetelephone network is provided.Permanent Signal: A sustained off-hook condition without activity (no dialingor ringing or completed connection); such a condition tends to tie upequipment, especially in earlier systems. Usually accidental, but sometimesused intentionally by customers in high-crime-rate areas to thwart offburglars.POTS: Plain Old Telephone Service - Basic service with no extra "frills".ROTL: Remote Office Test Line - A means for remotely testing trunks.RTA: Remote Trunk Arrangement - An extension to the TSPS system permitting itsservices to be provided up to 200 miles from the TSPS site.SF: Single Frequency. A signaling method for trunks: 2600hz is impressed uponidle trunks.Supervise: To monitor the status of a call.SxS: (Step-by-Step or Strowger switch) - An electromechanical office typeutilizing a gross-motion stepping switch as a combination network anddistributed control.Talkoff: The phenomenon of accidental synthesis of a machine-intelligible                                    Page 8                        The Official Phreaker's Manualsignal by human voice causing an unintended response. "whistling a tone".Trunk: A path between central offices; in general 2-wire for interlocal, 4-wirefor intertoll.TSPS: Traffic Service Position System - A system that provides, under stored-program control, efficient operator assistance for toll calls. It does notswitch the customer, but provides a bridge connection to the operator.X-bar: (Crossbar) - An electromechanical office type utilizing a "fine-motion"coordinate switch and a multiplicity of central controls (called markers).There are four varieties:        No.1 Crossbar: Used in large urban office application; (1938)        No 3 Crossbar: A small system started in (1974).        No.4A/4M Crossbar: A 4-wire toll machine; (1943).        No.5 Crossbar: A machine originally intended for relatively smallsuburban applications; (1948)        Crossbar Tandem: A machine used for interlocal office switching.                                    Page 9                        The Official Phreaker's Manual         ============================================================                               _  _        _______                              | X/ |      / _____/                              |_||_|etal / /hop                              __________/ /                             /___________/                                 (314) 432-0756                               Proudly Presents                      The MCI Telecommunications Glossary                            Part I Volume I (A - D)                           Typed by Knight Lightning         ============================================================- A -A & B LEADS: Designation of leads derived from the midpoints of the two 2-wirepairs comprising a 4-wire circuit.ABBREVIATED DIALING: The ability of a telephone user to reach frequently callednumbers by using less than seven digits. Synonym:   Speed DialingACCESS CHARGE: A fee paid for the use of local lines.ACCESS CODE: A digit or number of digits required to be connected to a privateline arranged for dial access.ACCESS LINE: A telephone circuit which connects a customer location to anetwork switching center.AIRLINE MILEAGE: Calculated point-to-point mileage between terminalfacilities.ALL TRUNKS BUSY (ATB): A single tone interrupted at a 120 ipm (impulses perminute) rate to indicate all lines or trunks in a routing group are busy.ALTERNATE ROUTE: A secondary communications path used to reach a destination ifthe primary path is unavailable.ALTERNATE USE: The ability to switch communications facilities from one type ofservice to another, i.e., voice to data, etc.ALTERNATE VOICE DATA (AVD): A single transmission facility which can be usedfor either voice or data.AMERICAN STANDARD CODEFOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE(ASCII): An 8 level code developed for the interchange of information betweendata processing and communications systems.ANALOG SIGNAL: A signal in the form of a continuous varying physical quantity,e.g., voltage which reflects variations in some quantity, e.g., loudness in thehuman voice.                                    Page 10                        The Official Phreaker's ManualANNUNICATOR: An audible intercept device that states the condition orrestrictions associated with circuits or procedures.ANSWER BACK: An electrical and/or visual indication to the calling or sendingend that the called or received station is on the line.ANSWER SUPERVISION: An off-hook signal transmitted toward the calling end of aswitched connection when the called party answers.