Chapter 4: Hacking WebpagesGetting the Password File Through FTPOk well one of the easiest ways of getting superuser access is throughanonymous ftp access into a webpage. First you need learn a little aboutthe password file...root:User:d7Bdg:1n2HG2:1127:20:SuperuserTomJones:p5Y(h0tiC:1229:20:Tom Jones,:/usr/people/tomjones:/bin/cshBBob:EUyd5XAAtv2dA:1129:20:Billy Bob:/usr/people/bbob:/bin/cshThis is an example of a regular encrypted password file. The Superuser isthe part that gives you root. That's the main part of the file.root:x:0:1:Superuser:/:ftp:x:202:102:Anonymous ftp:/u1/ftp:ftpadmin:x:203:102:ftp Administrator:/u1/ftpThis is another example of a password file, only this one has one littledifference, it's shadowed. Shadowed password files don't let you view orcopy the actual encrypted password.  This causes problems for the passwordcracker and dictionary maker(both explained later in the text). Below isanother example of a shadowed password file:root:x:0:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:/usr/bin/cshdaemon:x:1:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:bin:x:2:2:0000-Admin(0000):/usr/bin:sys:x:3:3:0000-Admin(0000):/:adm:x:4:4:0000-Admin(0000):/var/adm:lp:x:71:8:0000-lp(0000):/usr/spool/lp:smtp:x:0:0:mail daemon user:/:uucp:x:5:5:0000-uucp(0000):/usr/lib/uucp:nuucp:x:9:9:0000-uucp(0000):/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucicolisten:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls:nobody:x:60001:60001:uid no body:/:noaccess:x:60002:60002:uid no access:/:webmastr:x:53:53:WWW Admin:/export/home/webmastr:/usr/bin/cshpin4geo:x:55:55:PinPaper Admin:/export/home/webmastr/new/gregY/test/pin4geo:/bin/falseftp:x:54:54:Anonymous FTP:/export/home/anon_ftp:/bin/falseShadowed password files have an "x" in the place of a password or sometimesthey are disguised as an * as well.Now that you know a little more about what the actual password file lookslike you should be able to identify a normal encrypted pw from a shadowedpw file. We can now go on to talk about how to crack it.Cracking a password file isn't as complicated as it would seem, although thefiles vary from system to system. 1.The first step that you would take isto download or copy the file. 2. The second step is to find a passwordcracker and a dictionary maker. Although it's nearly impossible to find agood cracker there are a few ok ones out there. I recomend that you lookfor Cracker Jack, John the Ripper, Brute Force Cracker, or Jack the Ripper.Now for a dictionary maker or a dictionary file...  When you start acracking prog you will be asked to find the the password file. That's wherea dictionary maker comes in. You can download one from nearly every hackerpage on the net.  A dictionary maker finds all the possible lettercombinations with the alphabet that you choose(ASCII, caps, lowercase, andnumeric letters may also be added) .  We will be releasing our pasword fileto the public soon, it will be called, Psychotic Candy, "The Perfect Drug."As far as we know it will be one of the largest in circulation. 3. You then start up the cracker and follow the directions that it givesyou.The PHF TechniqueWell I wasn't sure if I should include this section due to the fact thateverybody already knows it and most servers have already found out aboutthe bug and fixed it. But since I have been asked questions about the phfI decided to include it.The phf technique is by far the easiest way of getting a password file(although it doesn't work 95% of the time). But to do the phf all you dois open a browser and type in the following link:http://webpage_goes_here/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd You replace the webpage_goes_here with the domain. So if you were trying toget the pw file for www.webpage.com you would type:http://www.webpage.com/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwdand that's it! You just sit back and copy the file(if it works).The best way to get root is with an exploit. Exploits are explained in thenext chapter.